Skip to main content
Log in

Effect of Cooling Rate and Finish Rolling Temperature on Structure and Strength of API 5LX70 Linepipe Steel Plate

  • Published:
Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

The present study has investigated the effect of changes in accelerated cooling (ACC) and finish rolling temperature (FRT) on the mechanical properties of high-strength low-alloy (HSLA) Nb-V-Ti steel plate of non-sour API 5LX70 linepipe during the thermomechanical controlled process (TMCP). Tensile test results showed that increasing ACC or reducing FRT enhanced yield and tensile strengths of the subject steel, which was also confirmed by the Vickers hardness test. Microstructure examinations demonstrated that increasing ACC and reducing FRT resulted in a lower volume fraction and a finer size of pearlite. Moreover, an increase in the ACC enhanced the formation of granular ferrite (GF) and fine polygonal ferrite (FPF), while a decrease in the FRT mostly affected the formation of acicular ferrite (AF). In all microstructures, banded structures and particles with a size of approximately 6 μm were observed due to segregation during solidification, where changing the parameters did not affect their formations.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8
Fig. 9
Fig. 10

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. D.E. Furchtgott-Roth, and K. Green, Intermodal Safety in the Transport of Oil, Studies in Energy Transportation, October, 2013.

  2. “Managing System Integrity for Hazardous Liquid Pipelines,” API Standard 1160, American Petroleum Institute (API), 2018.

  3. “Managing System Integrity of Gas Pipelines,” ASME 831.8, American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018.

  4. “API Specification 5L “Line Pipe,” in Forty -Sixth Edition, American Petroleum Institute, 2018.

  5. A. Yoshie, M. Fujioka, Y. Watanabe, K. Nishioka, and H. Morikawa, Modelling of Microstructural Evolution and Mechanical Properties of Steel Plates Produced by Thermo-Mechanical Control Process, ISIJ Int., 1992, 32(3), p 395–404

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. K. BVR Rami, A Review on Importance of Micro Alloying in Steel, Int. J. Mech. Eng. Techol., 2014, 5, p 187-93.

  7. “Standard Specification for Steel Plates for Pressure Vessels Produced by Thermo-Mechanical Control Process (TMCP)”, ASTM A841/A841 M, ASTM International (ASTM), 2017.

  8. “Standard Specification for High-Strength Low-Alloy Structural Steel Plate Produced by Thermo-Mechanical Controlled Process (TMCP),” ASTM A1066/A1066M − 11 (Reapproved 2015), ASTM International (ASTM), 2017.

  9. L. Cuddy, The Effect of Microalloy Concentration on the Recrystallization of Austenite during Hot Deformation, The Metallurgical Society/AIME, 1982, p 129-140.

  10. A.G. Kostryzhev, Bauschinger Effect in Nb and V Microalloyed Linepipe Steels, University of Birmingham, 2009.

  11. X. Mao, Titanium Microalloyed Steel: Fundamentals, Technology, and Products, Springer, 2019.

  12. R. Radis, Numerical Simulation of the Precipitation Kinetics of Nitrides and Carbides in Microalloyed Steel, 2010.

  13. S. Vervynckt, K. Verbeken, B. Lopez, and J. Jonas, Modern HSLA Steels and Role of Non-Recrystallisation Temperature, J. Int. Mater. Rev., 2012, 57(4), p 187–207

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. C. Garcia, High Strength Low Alloyed (HSLA) Steels in Automotive Steels, 2017, Elsevier, p 145-167.

  15. H. Stuart, The Properties and Processing of Microalloyed HSLA Steels, JOM, 1991, 43(1), p 35–40

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. T. Baker, Determination of the Friction Stress from Microstructural Measurements, Applied Science Publishers, 1983, p 235-273.

  17. B.C. De Cooman, and J.G. Speer, Fundamentals of Steel Product Physical Metallurgy, 2011, Association for Iron & Steel Technology (AIST).

  18. A. DeArdo, Metallurgical Basis for Thermomechanical Processing of Microalloyed Steels, Ironmaking Steelmaking, 2001, 28(2), p 138–144

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. M. Militzer, Thermomechanical Processed Steels, 2014.

  20. L. Bäcke, Modeling the Microstructural Evolution during Hot Deformation of Microalloyed Steels, 2009, KTH.

  21. J. Pyykkonen, Numerical Modeling of Hot Rolling: Microstructural Evolution during Plate Rolling, in Centre for Advanced Steel Research/Materials Engineering Laboratory, 2011.

  22. M.C. Somani, D.A. Porter, and L.P. Karjalainen, Physical Simulation and Development of Processing of High-Strength Steels during 25 years, 2016.

  23. V. Kumar, Thermo-Mechanical Simulation Using Gleeble System-Advantages and Limitations, J. Metall. Mater. Sci., 2016, 58(IF-0.04), p 81–88

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. K. Nishioka and K. Ichikawa, Progress in Thermomechanical Control of Steel Plates and Their Commercialization, J. Sci. Technol. Adv. Mater., 2012, 13(2), p 023001

    Article  Google Scholar 

  25. S. Vervynckt, Control of the Non-Recrystallization Temperature in High Strength Low Alloy (HSLA) Steels, Ghent University, Ghent, 2010

    Google Scholar 

  26. Civilica, Publisher of Iranian Journals and Conference Proceedings, Available from: https://www.civilica.com/papersearch.

  27. Scientific Information Database (SID), Academic Center for Education Culture and Research (ACECR), Available from: https://www.sid.ir/En/Journal.

  28. R. Abdideh, I. M. Sholegar Zadeh, A. Aseyaban and, M. Hizombor, In-House Production of Wide Width Plate of API 5LX60, in Steel Symposium 93, 2014, in Farsi.

  29. S.P. Li, W.H. Ding, and H. Zhang, Experimental Research and Optimized Process of Heavy with Excellent Mechanical Properties, in IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, IOP Publishing, Bristol, 2018

    Google Scholar 

  30. C.N. Homsher, Determination of the Non-Recrystallization Temperature (Tnr) in Multiple Microalloyed steels, Colorado School of Mines, Arthur Lakes Library, 2013

    Google Scholar 

  31. “Standard Test Methods for Tension Testing of Metallic Materials,” ASTM E8/E8m − 15a), American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM), 2015.

  32. “Vickers Hardness and Knoop Hardness of Metallic Materials,” ASTM E92 − 17, American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM), 2017.

  33. “Standard Test Methods and Definitions for Mechanical Testing of Steel Products,” ASTM (A370 − 17a), American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM), 2017.

  34. G. Thewlis, Classification and Quantification of Microstructures in Steels, J. Mater. Sci. Technol., 2004, 20(2), p 143–160

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  35. G. Krauss and S.W. Thompson, Ferritic Microstructures in Continuously Cooled Low-and Ultralow-Carbon Steels, ISIJ Int., 1995, 35(8), p 937–945

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  36. Y. Tian, Q. Li, Z. Wang, and G. Wang, Effects of Ultra Fast Cooling on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Pipeline Steels, J. Mater. Eng. Perform., 2015, 24(9), p 3307–3314

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  37. B. Hwang, Y.M. Kim, S. Lee, N.J. Kim, and J.Y. Yoo, Correlation of Rolling Condition, Microstructure, and Low-Temperature Toughness of X70 Pipeline Steels, Metall. Mater. Trans. A, 2005, 36(7), p 1793–1805

    Article  Google Scholar 

  38. S. Hong, S.Y. Shin, S. Lee, and N.J. Kim, Effects of Specimen Thickness and Notch Shape on Fracture Modes in the Drop-Weight Tear Test of API, X70 and X80 Linepipe Steels, Metall. Mater. Trans. A, 2011, 42(9), p 2619–2632

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  39. M.C. Zhao, K. Yang, and Y. Shan, The Effects of Thermo-Mechanical Control Process on Microstructures and Mechanical Properties of A Commercial Pipeline Seel, J. Mater. Sci. Eng. A, 2002, 335(1–2), p 14–20

    Article  Google Scholar 

  40. A. Calik, A. Duzgun, O. Sahin, and N. Ucar, Effect of Carbon Content on the Mechanical Properties of Medium Carbon Steels, J. Nat. Sci. A., 2010, 65(5), p 468–472

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  41. M. Masoumi, E.A.A. Echeverri, C.C. Silva, M. Béreš, and H.F.G. de Abreu, Effect of Different Thermomechanical Processes on the Microstructure, Texture, and Mechanical Properties of API, 5L X70 Steel, J. Mater. Eng. and Perform., 2018, 27(4), p 1694–1705

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  42. N. Razani, B.M. Dariani, and M. Soltanpour, Microstructure and Mechanical Property Improvement of X70 in Asymmetrical Thermomechanical Rolling, Int. J. Adv. Manuf. Technol., 2018, 97(9–12), p 3981–3997

    Article  Google Scholar 

  43. L.B. Godefroid, L.C. Cândido, and R.V.B. Toffolo, Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Two API, Steels for Iron Ore Pipelines, Mater. Res., 2014, 17, p 114–120

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  44. H.K.D.H. Bhadeshia and J. Christian, Bainite in Steels, J. Metall. Mater. Trans. A., 1990, 21(3), p 767–797

    Article  Google Scholar 

  45. T. Koseki and G. Thewlis, Overview Inclusion Assisted Microstructure Control in C–Mn and Low Alloy Steel Welds, Mater. Sci. Technol., 2005, 21(8), p 867–879

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  46. G. Barritte, and D. Edmonds, Microstructure and Toughness of HSLA Steel Weld Metals, The Metals Society, 1982, p 126-135.

  47. J. Garland and P. Kirkwood, Towards Improved Submerged-Arc Weld Metal. Pt. 1, Metal constr, 1975, 7(5), p 275–278

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  48. A. Mills, G. Thewlis, and J. Whiteman, Nature of Inclusions in Steel Weld Metals and Their Influence on Formation of Acicular Ferrite, J. Mater. Sci. Technol., 1987, 3(12), p 1051–1061

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  49. M.G. Lage, Evaluating Segregation in HSLA Steels Using Computational Thermodynamics, J. Mater. Res. Technol., 2015, 4(4), p 353–358

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  50. D. Matlock and J. Speer, Microalloying Concepts and Application in Long Products, J. Mater. Sci. Technol., 2009, 25(9), p 1118–1125

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  51. S.K. Mandal, Steel Metallurgy: Properties, Specification, and Application, McGraw-Hill Education (India) Private Limited, New Delhi, 2014

    Google Scholar 

  52. M. Morita, N. Kurosawa, S. Sakai, T. Kato, T. Tsukano, and N. Aoyagi, Development of Hot Rolled High Strength Steels Hardened by Precipitation Hardening with High Stretch Flanging, Zairyo to Purosesu Cur, Adv Mater Process, 1992, 5(6), p 1863–1866

    Google Scholar 

  53. T. Senuma, Present Status of and Future Prospects for Precipitation Research in the Steel Industry, ISIJ Int., 2002, 42(1), p 1–12

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  54. M. Almoussawi, A. Smith, M. Faraji, and S. Cater, Segregation of Mn, Si, Al, and Oxygen during the Friction Stir Welding of DH36 Steel, J. Metallogr. Microstruct. Anal., 2017, 6(6), p 569–576

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  55. F.A. Khalid, M. Farooque, and A. U.l. Haq, Role of Ferrite Pearlite Banded Structure and Segregation on Mechanical Properties of Microalloyed Hot Rolled Steel, Mater. Sci. Technol., 1999, 15(10), p 1209–1215

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

The authors gratefully acknowledge full support provided by General Manager, Deputy Managers of R&D, Technical, and Control and Quality, as well as the staff of TMCP mill and Testing Laboratory of Khouzestan Oxin Steel Company (KOSC). Our thanks should also go to the Manager and the staff of Material Testing Laboratory of the School of Mining and Metallurgy of the Amirkabir University of Technology. This research did not receive any specific grant from funding agencies in the public, commercial, or not-for-profit sectors.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to N. Amirjani.

Additional information

Publisher's Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Amirjani, N., Ketabchi, M., Eskandari, M. et al. Effect of Cooling Rate and Finish Rolling Temperature on Structure and Strength of API 5LX70 Linepipe Steel Plate. J. of Materi Eng and Perform 29, 4275–4285 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11665-020-04961-0

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11665-020-04961-0

Keywords

Navigation