Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Uncertainties in Finite Element Analysis of Yield Point Phenomena in Advanced High-Strength Steel Spot Welds

  • Published:
Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Effects of local plastic instabilities in the form of yield point phenomena (YPP) were investigated on local and global deformation and failure behavior of resistance spot-welded tension–shear (TS) samples made from M1700 advanced high-strength steel (AHSS) by means of finite element (FE) simulations. Material models with and without YPP were used in FE simulations, and sensitivity of results to YPP material model characteristics and failure criteria was investigated. Results from FE simulations revealed several stages of load oscillations in predicted global load–displacement curves with different amplitudes depending on material model with YPP. Results also showed the existence of heterogeneous distribution of equivalent stress in heat-affected zone (HAZ) of TS samples with strong sensitivity to the upper and the lower yield stress values in YPP material model. A stress-based failure criterion was added to the damage model to account for this stress heterogeneity, and results from this model showed that the loading and failure behavior of TS sample can significantly change from ductile to premature semi-brittle failure with significant reduction in strength of TS sample. Results from FE simulations were also compared with those from TS experiments and indicated the need for development of proper material and damage models suitable for materials with YPP.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8
Fig. 9
Fig. 10
Fig. 11
Fig. 12

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. H. Ghassemi-Armaki, E. Biro, and S. Sadagopan, Advanced Characterization of HAZ Softening of AHSS for Crash Modeling, ISIJ Int., 2017, 57(8), p 1451–1460

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. H. Rezayat et al., Constitutive Properties and Plastic Instabilities in the Heat-Affected Zones of Advanced High-Strength Steel Spot Welds, J. Mater. Sci., 2019, 54, p 5825–5843

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. G.T. Hahn, Model for Yielding with Special Reference to Yield-Point Phenomena of Iron and Related Bcc Metals, Acta Metall., 1962, 10, p 727–738

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. T.L. Russell, D.S. Wood, and D.S. Clark, The Influence of Grain Size on the Yield Phenomenon in Steel, Acta Metall., 1961, 9(12), p 1054–1063

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. J. Winlock, The Influence of the Rate of Deformation on the Tensile Properties of Some Plain Carbon Sheet Steels, Trans. Am. Inst. Min. Metall. Eng., 1953, 197(6), p 797–803

    Google Scholar 

  6. A.H. Cottrell and B.A. Bilby, Dislocation Theory of Yielding and Strain Ageing of Iron, Proc. Phys. Soc. Lond. Sect. A, 1949, 62(349), p 49–62

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. H. Conrad and G. Schoeck, Cottrell Locking and the Flow Stress in Iron, Acta Metall., 1960, 8(11), p 791–796

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. J.F. Hallai and S. Kyriakides, Underlying Material Response for Lüders-Like Instabilities, Int. J. Plast., 2013, 47, p 1–12

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. D. Johnson, M. Edwards, and P. Chard-Tuckey, Microstructural Effects on the Magnitude of Lüders Strains in a Low Alloy Steel, Mater. Sci. Eng. A, 2015, 625, p 36–45

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. E. Hall, Yield Point Phenomena in Metals and Alloys, Springer, Berlin, 2012

    Google Scholar 

  11. G.T. Hahn, A Model for Yielding with Special Reference to the Yield-Point Phenomena of Iron and Related bcc Metals, Acta Metall., 1962, 10(8), p 727–738

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. R. Schwab and V. Ruff, On the nature of the yield point phenomenon, Acta Mater., 2013, 61(5), p 1798–1808

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. G. Van Rooyen, The Stress and Strain Distribution in a Propagating Lüders Front Accompanying the Yield-Point Phenomenon in Iron, Mater. Sci. Eng., 1968, 3(2), p 105–117

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. F. Yoshida, Y. Kaneda, and S. Yamamoto, A Plasticity Model Describing Yield-Point Phenomena of Steels and Its Application to FE Simulation of Temper Rolling, Int. J. Plast., 2008, 24(10), p 1792–1818

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. M. Maziere and S. Forest, Strain Gradient Plasticity Modeling and Finite Element Simulation of Lüders Band Formation and Propagation, Contin. Mech. Thermodyn., 2015, 27(1-2), p 83–104

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. J.F. Hallai and S. Kyriakides, On the Effect of Lüders Bands on the Bending of Steel Tubes. Part II: Analysis, Int. J. Solids Struct., 2011, 48(24), p 3285–3298

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. J.F. Hallai and S. Kyriakides, Bending Capacity of Tubes with Lüders Bands: Influence of Geometric and Material Parameters, Proceedings of the Asme 31st International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Artic Engineering, Vol 3, 2012, p 507–512

  18. H. Rezayat, S.S. Babu, H. Ghassemi-Armaki, Effects of Heat Affected Zone Softening Extent on Strength of Advanced High Strength Steels Resistance Spot Weld, Trends in Welding Research, Proceedings of the 10th International Conference, 2016, Tokyo, Japan

  19. M. Smith, ABAQUS (2011) ‘ABAQUS Documentation’, Dassault Systèmes, Providence, RI, USA

  20. Abaqus Unified FEA - SIMULIA™ by Dassault Systèmes®. 2017; https://www.3ds.com/products-services/simulia/products/abaqus/

  21. R. Camsonne et al., C-11 Labeling of Pk11195 and Visualization of Peripheral Receptors of Benzodiazepines by Positron-Emission Tomography, Journal De Pharmacologie, 1986, 17(3), p 383–383

    Google Scholar 

  22. H.G. Koenigsberger, Philip-Ii of Spain—Pierson P, Am. Hist. Rev., 1977, 82(4), p 946–948

    Article  Google Scholar 

  23. T.J.R. Hughes, The Finite Element Method: Linear Static and Dynamic Finite Element Analysis, Dover Publications, Mineola, 2012

    Google Scholar 

  24. J.S. Sun, K.H. Lee, and H.P. Lee, Comparison of Implicit and Explicit Finite Element Methods for Dynamic Problems, J. Mater. Process. Technol., 2000, 105(1), p 110–118

    Article  Google Scholar 

  25. A.M. Prior, Applications of Implicit and Explicit Finite-Element Techniques to Metal-Forming, J. Mater. Process. Technol., 1994, 45(1-4), p 649–656

    Article  Google Scholar 

  26. X. Hu et al., Comparison of Explicit and Implicit Finite Element Methods in the Quasistatic Simulation of Uniaxial Tension, Commun. Numer. Methods Eng., 1994, 10(12), p 993–1003

    Article  Google Scholar 

  27. AWS D8.9M, Test methods for evaluating the resistance spot welding behavior of automotive sheet steel materials, 3rd ed., American Welding Society (AWS), Miami, 2012

    Google Scholar 

  28. M.M. Bouzekri et al., An Investigation of Failure Types in High-Strength Steel Resistance Spot Welds, Weld. World, 2010, 54(3-4), p 3–14

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. S. Dancette et al., Experimental and Modeling Investigation of the Failure Resistance of Advanced High Strength Steels Spot Welds, Eng. Fract. Mech., 2011, 78(10), p 2259–2272

    Article  Google Scholar 

  30. S. Dancette et al., Investigation of the Tensile Shear fracture of Advanced High Strength Steel Spot Welds, Eng. Fail. Anal., 2012, 25, p 112–122

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. Y.P. Yang et al., Integrated Computational Model to Predict Mechanical Behaviour of Spot Weld, Sci. Technol. Weld. Join., 2008, 13(3), p 232–239

    Article  Google Scholar 

  32. M.R. Wenman and P.R. Chard-Tuckey, Modelling and Experimental Characterisation of the Lüders Strain in Complex Loaded Ferritic Steel Compact Tension Specimens, Int. J. Plast., 2010, 26(7), p 1013–1028

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

The authors would like to acknowledge the financial support from ArcelorMittal Global R&D for carrying out this work.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Mechanical, Aerospace and Biomedical Engineering, University of Tennessee – Knoxville, Knoxville, TN, USA

    H. Rezayat & S. S. Babu

  2. Automotive Product Research, ArcelorMittal Global R&D, East Chicago, IN, USA

    H. Ghassemi-Armaki, S. P. Bhat & S. Sriram

  3. Manufacturing Demonstration Facility, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, USA

    S. S. Babu

Authors
  1. H. Rezayat
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. H. Ghassemi-Armaki
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. S. P. Bhat
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. S. Sriram
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. S. S. Babu
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to H. Rezayat.

Additional information

Publisher's Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Rezayat, H., Ghassemi-Armaki, H., Bhat, S.P. et al. Uncertainties in Finite Element Analysis of Yield Point Phenomena in Advanced High-Strength Steel Spot Welds. J. of Materi Eng and Perform 29, 1272–1281 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11665-020-04593-4

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11665-020-04593-4

Keywords

Search

Navigation