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Mechanical and Metallurgical Evolution of Stainless Steel 321 in a Multi-step Forming Process

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Abstract

This paper examines the metallurgical evolution of AISI Stainless Steel 321 (SS 321) during multi-step forming, a process that involves cycles of deformation with intermediate heat treatment steps. The multi-step forming process was simulated by implementing interrupted uniaxial tensile testing experiments. Evolution of the mechanical properties as well as the microstructural features, such as twins and textures of the austenite and martensite phases, was studied as a function of the multi-step forming process. The characteristics of the Strain-Induced Martensite (SIM) were also documented for each deformation step and intermediate stress relief heat treatment. The results indicated that the intermediate heat treatments considerably increased the formability of SS 321. Texture analysis showed that the effect of the intermediate heat treatment on the austenite was minor and led to partial recrystallization, while deformation was observed to reinforce the crystallographic texture of austenite. For the SIM, an Olson-Cohen equation type was identified to analytically predict its formation during the multi-step forming process. The generated SIM was textured and weakened with increasing deformation.

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Acknowledgments

The authors would like to extend their gratitude to the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC), the Consortium for Research and Innovation in Aerospace in Quebec under the CRIAQ 4.6 project and the Fonds de recherche du Québec—Nature et technologies (FRQNT) for their financial support. The authors are also grateful to Mr. Daniel Turner at PWC for his assistance and support for the heat treatments.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Mechanical Engineering Department, Ecole de Technologie Superieure, Montreal, Canada

    M. Anderson, F. Bridier, M. Jahazi & P. Bocher

  2. Aerospace, Structures, Materials and Manufacturing, National Research Council Canada, Montreal, Canada

    M. Anderson, J. Gholipour & P. Wanjara

  3. DCNS Research, DCNS, Nantes-Indret, France

    F. Bridier

  4. Special Process Development Group, Pratt & Whitney Canada, Longueuil, Canada

    J. Savoie

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  1. M. Anderson
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Correspondence to P. Bocher.

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Anderson, M., Bridier, F., Gholipour, J. et al. Mechanical and Metallurgical Evolution of Stainless Steel 321 in a Multi-step Forming Process. J. of Materi Eng and Perform 25, 1526–1538 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11665-016-1928-4

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11665-016-1928-4

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