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Effect of Processing Parameters on Polymerization of P3HT in Presence of CdS

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Abstract

To achieve better incorporation and distribution of CdS nanoparticles in poly(3-hexylthiophene-2,5-diyl) (P3HT), the in situ methodology for synthesis of P3HT in presence of cadmium sulfide (CdS) was modified. P3HT/CdS composites were synthesized by in situ oxidative polymerization of 3-hexylthiophene monomer in presence of CdS using a 3-hexylthiophene (3HT)/CdS weight ratio of 1/0.21. CdS nanoparticles were added to the monomer solution instead of to the oxidant solution. The products were washed by centrifugation using different methods: (a) with methanol, hydrochloric acid, acetone, ammonium hydroxide, ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, and distilled water, (b) with all solvents previously mentioned, except hydrochloric acid, and (c) with methanol and acetonitrile. The results revealed a greater incorporation and better distribution of CdS nanoparticles within the P3HT matrix when the synthesis process was modified. The presence of CdS in the P3HT polymer matrix improved the energy conversion efficiency by more than twofold when employing a glass/indium tin oxide (ITO)/poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)-poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT-PSS)/P3HT-CdS:[6,6]-phenyl-C71-butyric acid methyl ester (PC71BM)/poly[(9,9-bis(3′-(N,N-dimethylamino)- propyl)-2,7-fluorene)-alt-2,7-(9,9-dioctylfluorene)] (PFN)/Field’s metal (FM) device architecture.

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Acknowledgments

The authors thank Dr. Hailin Zhao Hu and Dr. C. Martínez-Alonso for guidance in the synthesis of CdS nanoparticles. This work was financially supported by CONACYT—México CB-2015/255512 and Fondo Sectorial CONACYT-SENER-Sustentabilidad Energética through CEMIE-Sol/27 (Project No. 207450). The authors thank Laboratorio Nacional de Estructura de Macromoléculas (CONACYT 294406) for the NMR spectra.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Centro de Investigación en Ingeniería y Ciencias Aplicadas, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Av. Universidad 1001, Col. Chamilpa, C.P. 62209, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico

    S. García-Carvajal, M. E. Nicho, F. Hernández-Guzmán, M. Fuentes-Pérez & D. Hernández-Martínez

  2. Centro de Investigaciones Químicas, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico

    I. Linzaga-Elizalde

  3. Research Group of Optical Properties of Materials (GPOM), Centro de Investigaciones en Óptica, A.P. 1-948, 37000, León, Guanajuato, Mexico

    D. Romero-Borja & J. L. Maldonado

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  1. S. García-Carvajal
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  2. M. E. Nicho
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  3. I. Linzaga-Elizalde
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  4. D. Romero-Borja
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  5. J. L. Maldonado
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  6. F. Hernández-Guzmán
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  7. M. Fuentes-Pérez
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  8. D. Hernández-Martínez
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Correspondence to M. E. Nicho.

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García-Carvajal, S., Nicho, M.E., Linzaga-Elizalde, I. et al. Effect of Processing Parameters on Polymerization of P3HT in Presence of CdS. J. Electron. Mater. 48, 8212–8223 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11664-019-07668-8

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11664-019-07668-8

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