Abstract
Sn-substituted lead calcium iron niobate specimens with general formula (Pb0.45Ca0.55)(Fe0.5Nb0.5)1−y Sn y O3 with 0.00 ≤ y ≤ 0.15 in steps of 0.03 have been synthesized using a two-stage method. The x-ray diffraction patterns for all the synthesized samples reveal a perovskite structure with pseudocubic symmetry. A small amount of pyrochlore phase was obtained along with the perovskite phase, decreasing with increasing Sn content up to y = 0.09. The temperature and frequency dependence of the dielectric and electrical properties of Sn-substituted lead calcium iron niobate were studied. Two dielectric anomalies were observed in ε r–T plots for all the samples due to generation of oxygen vacancies. The temperature coefficient of relative permittivity, τ ε , decreased with increasing Sn content. The single, semicircular arc observed in Nyquist plots suggests a single relaxation process. The activation energies obtained from the temperature dependence of the relaxation time and grain resistance were found to be approximately comparable.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
J. Kato, H. Kagata, and K. Nishimoto, Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 31, 3155 (1992).
I.P. Raevski, S.P. Kubrina, S.I. Raevskaya, V.V. Titov, S.A. Prosandeeva, D.A. Sarycheva, M.A. Malitskaya, V.V. Stashenko, and I.N. Zakharchenkoa, Ferroelectrics 398, 16 (2010).
E.S. Kim, Y.H. Kim, K.H. Yoon, D.H. Kim, and Y. Kim, Ferroelectrics 262, 275 (2001).
Q.H. Yang, E.S. Kim, and X. Jun, Mater. Sci. Eng. B 113, 224 (2002).
M. Hu, D. Zhou, D. Zhang, W. Lu, B. Li, J. Huang, and S. Gong, Mater. Sci. Eng. B 99, 403 (2003).
K.H. Yoon, E.S. Kim, and J.S. Jeon, J. Eur. Ceram. Soc. 23, 2391 (2003).
S. Kucheiko, J.-W. Choi, H.-J. Kim, S.-J. Yoon, and H.J. Jung, J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 80, 2937 (1997).
Q. Yang, E.S. Kim, J. Xu, and Z. Meng, Mater. Sci. Eng. B 99, 332 (2003).
Q.H. Yang, E.S. Kim, X. Jun, and Z. Meng, Mater. Sci. Eng. B 99, 259 (2003).
E.S. Kim, J.S. Jeon, and K.H. Yoon, J. Eur. Ceram. Soc. 23, 2583 (2003).
A.L. Patterson, Phys. Rev. 56, 978 (1939).
C.Y. Kang, J.W. Choi, S.J. Yoon, and H.J. Kim, J. Mater. Sci. Mater. Electron. 10, 661 (1999).
C. Ang and Z. Yu, Phys. Rev. B 61, 957 (2000).
G. Goodman, R.C. Buchanan, and T.G. Reynolds, Ceramic Materials for Electronics; Processing, Properties and Applications (New York: Marcel Dekker, 1991), p. 32.
I.P. Raevski, S.A. Kuropatkina, S.P. Kubrin, S.I. RaevskayaI, V.V. Titov, D.A. Sarychev, M.A. Malitskaya, A.S. Bogatin, and I.N. Zakharchenko, Ferroelectrics 379, 48 (2009).
S. Saha and T.P. Sinha, Phys. Rev. B 65, 134103 (2002).
P.Q. Mantus, J. Eur. Ceram. Soc. 19, 2079 (1999).
W. Chen, W. Zhu, O.K. Tan, and X.F. Chen, J. Appl. Phys. 108, 034101 (2010).
N. Ponpandian and A. Narayanasamy, J. Appl. Phys. 92, 2770 (2002).
K. Subrat and P. Kumar, Process. Appl. Ceram. 7, 181 (2013).
A. Belboukhari, Z. Abkhar, Y. Gagou, J. Belhadi, R. Elmoznine, D. Mezzane, M. Marssi, and I. Lukyanchuk, Eur. Phys. J. B 85, 215 (2012).
M.M. Costa, G.F.M. Pires, A.J. Terezo, M.P.F. Graca, and A.S.B. Sombra, J. Appl. Phys. 110, 034107 (2011).
N.K. Singh, P. Kumar, A.K. Sharma, and R.N.P. Choudhary, Mater. Sci. Appl. 2, 1593 (2011).
Priyanka and A.K. Jha, Bull. Mater. Sci. 36, 135 (2013).
T.M. Clark and B.J. Evans, IEEE Trans. Magn. 33, 3745 (1997).
A. Kumar, B.P. Singh, R.N.P. Choudhary, and A.K. Thakur, Mater. Chem. Phys. 99, 150 (2006).
B. Behera, P. Nayak, and R.N.P. Choudhary, J. Alloys Compd. 436, 226 (2007).
J. Plocharski and W. Wieczoreck, Solid State Ionics 28–30, 979 (1988).
R.S.T.M. Sohn, A.A.M. Macedo, M.M. Costa, S.E. Mazzetto, and A.S.B. Sombra, Phys. Scr. 82, 055702 (2010).
Y. Yang, S.T. Zhang, H.B. Huang, Y.F. Chen, Z.G. Liu, and J.M. Liu, Mater. Lett. 59, 1767 (2005).
G.C. Kuezynski, N.A. Hooton, and C.F. Gibbon, Sintering and Related Phenomena (New York: Gordon and Breach Science, 1967), p. 65.
S.B. Majumder, S. Bhattacharya, and R.S. Katiyar, J. Appl. Phys. 99, 024108 (2006).
D. Varsheny, R.N.P. Choudhary, C. Rinaldi, and R.S. Katiyar, Appl. Phys. A 89, 793 (2007).
I.P. Raevski, S.A. Prosandeev, A.S. Bogatin, M.A. Malitskaya, and L. Jastrabik, J. Appl. Phys. 93, 4130 (2003).
A.A. Bokov, L.A. Shpak, and I.P. Rayevsky, J. Phys. Chem. Solids 54, 495 (1993).
D. Bochenek, P. Kruk, R. Skulski, and P. Wawrzala, J. Electroceram. 26, 8 (2011).
Acknowledgements
The authors would like to express their thanks to the University Grant Commission for a grant to Guru Nanak Dev University for the potential of excellence program in material sciences.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Puri, M., Bahel, S. & Bindra Narang, S. Frequency and Temperature Dependence of Dielectric and Electrical Properties of Sn-Doped Lead Calcium Iron Niobate. J. Electron. Mater. 45, 959–969 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11664-015-4244-0
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11664-015-4244-0