For applications in high power ultrasonic transducers, both high piezoelectric coefficients d 33 and high mechanical quality factor Q m are essential. In this work, acceptor-doped Pb(Zr0.26Sn0.26Ti0.48)1−x Fe x O3−x/2 ferroelectric ceramics with compositions near the morphotropic phase boundary were prepared by routine solid-state reaction. By introducing Fe3+ ion into the perovskite crystal lattices, defect dipoles resulting from Fe3+ ions and oxygen vacancies are formed, pinning extrinsic domain wall motion, and hence increasing Q m but reducing d 33. It was found that substitution with 0.5 mol% Fe3+ resulted in high d 33 (390 pC/N) and high Q m (540). The nonlinear dielectric responses of these ceramics were evaluated on the basis of the Rayleigh law. Both Rayleigh coefficients, \(\alpha\) and \(\kappa_{\rm{init}},\) are reduced by doping with the acceptor ion Fe3+, indicating that the intrinsic contribution and reversible domain wall mobility are both reduced.
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Acknowledgements
This work was supported by the National Nature Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 51202183), the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities, the International Science and Technology Cooperation Program of China (Grant No. 2013DFR50470) and the “111” project (Grant No. B14040).
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Xing, Z., Jin, L., Wang, T. et al. Achieving Both High d 33 and High Q m for the Pb(Zr0.26Sn0.26Ti0.48)1−x Fe x O3−x/2 Ternary System for Use in High-Power Ultrasonic Transducers. J. Electron. Mater. 43, 3905–3911 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11664-014-3311-2
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11664-014-3311-2