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Simultaneous Extraction of Gold and Vanadium From Vanadium and Carbon-Rich Refractory Gold Minerals by Chlorination Roasting

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Abstract

To realize the efficient comprehensive utilization of refractory gold ore resources and environmental and economic gold extraction methods, this study investigated the optimal chlorine source for the sustained recovery of gold and vanadium from carbonaceous refractory gold ore by chlorination heat treatment. During the chlorination roasting process, the results indicated that CaCl2 has a greater chlorine supply capacity, and the reaction of refractory carbonaceous gold ore with CaCl2 was more intense than other chlorine sources. In addition, the effect of significant parameters (such as heat treatment temperature, heat treatment time, and CaCl2 additions) on gold and vanadium recovery ratios was carefully investigated. Under ideal conditions (i.e., CaCl2 concentration of 10 pct, heat treatment temperature of 1100 °C, heat treatment time of 4 hours, and air velocity of 1 L/min), 89.91 and 83.26 pct of gold and vanadium were recovered, respectively. In comparison, the main chemical mechanisms and phase transitions during the roasting process were studied by some analytical methods (such as scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, and thermodynamic data). All alkaline chlorine sources were shown to destroy the structure of the minerals. CaCl2 was the compound with the more potent effect. Pyrite could enhance the chlorination of gold below 700 °C. In contrast, vanadium oxide could promote chlorination of gold above 700 °C. In addition, the leaching residue is primarily made of CaVO3, which can be used as a raw material for vanadium smelting. However, silicon dioxide and iron oxide will react at temperatures above 1100 °C, forming the “silicon oxygen” inclusion that hampered vanadium extraction.

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Acknowledgments

This research was supported by China Ocean Mineral Resource R&D Association under Grant JS-KTHT-2019-01 and No. DY135-B2-15, Major science and technology program for water pollution control and treatment under Grant No. 2015ZX07205-003, the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant Nos. 21176242 and 21176026.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Civil and Resource Engineering School, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, P.R. China

    Shunliang Liu, Yali Feng & Hongjun Wang

  2. State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P.R. China

    Shunliang Liu, Haoran Li & Hongjun Wang

  3. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P.R. China

    Shunliang Liu & Haoran Li

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  1. Shunliang Liu
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  2. Yali Feng
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Liu, S., Feng, Y., Li, H. et al. Simultaneous Extraction of Gold and Vanadium From Vanadium and Carbon-Rich Refractory Gold Minerals by Chlorination Roasting. Metall Mater Trans B 53, 3955–3966 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11663-022-02656-6

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11663-022-02656-6

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