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Statistical Analysis of the Inclusions in Rare Earth-M (M = Ca and Ti) Treated Steel

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Abstract

The size, quantity, morphology and structure of inclusions in steel treated with rare earth (RE) with different deoxidizers (calcium and titanium) were studied. The difference between automatic and manual inclusion statistical analyses was investigated. The results showed that: RE tended to refine the inclusions and increase the number density of the inclusions in steel. When combined with RE, calcium and titanium could reduce the number densities of inclusions. The mean diameters of the inclusions in the RE-treated steel and RE-titanium-treated steel were close, and smaller than that in the RE-calcium-treated steel. Calcium and titanium reduced the mean aspect ratio of inclusions in the RE-treated steel. RE particles and MnS formed random composite inclusions when only RE was added. In RE-calcium-containing composite inclusion, the amount of MnS was very low. For RE-titanium-treated steel, almost all titanium formed composite inclusions with RE. The inclusion automatic analysis (IAA) system showed better performance in counting the content percentage of inclusions. However, for determining the inclusion number in RE-containing steel and size statistical analysis, manual inclusion statistical analysis was superior.

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Acknowledgements

This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundations of China (NSFC) under Grant Nos. 51804229, 52074199; the Natural Science Foundations of Hubei under Grant No. 2018CFB306.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. The State Key Laboratory of Refractories and Metallurgy, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430081, China

    Yumin Xie, Mingming Song, Bao Wang, Hangyu Zhu & Zhengliang Xue

  2. Key Laboratory for Ferrous Metallurgy and Resources Utilization of Ministry of Education, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430081, China

    Mingming Song, Bao Wang, Hangyu Zhu & Zhengliang Xue

  3. Chair of Ferrous Metallurgy, Montanuniversität Leoben, Franz-Josef-Straβe 18, 8700, Leoben, Austria

    Alexander Mayerhofer, Susanne Katharina Michelic, Christian Bernhard & Johannes Leopold Schenk

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  1. Yumin Xie
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Correspondence to Mingming Song or Bao Wang.

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Manuscript submitted August 26, 2020; accepted March 25, 2021.

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Xie, Y., Song, M., Wang, B. et al. Statistical Analysis of the Inclusions in Rare Earth-M (M = Ca and Ti) Treated Steel. Metall Mater Trans B 52, 2101–2110 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11663-021-02163-0

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