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Viscosities in the Calcium–Silicate Slag System in the Range of 1798 K to 1973 K (1525 °C to 1700 °C)

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Abstract

Viscosities of selected CaO-SiO2-MgO melt compositions were determined as a function of temperature and composition. Temperature was varied between 1798 K and 1973 K (1525 °C and 1700 °C), while the compositional variables involved changes to the proportions of the three principle constituents and/or addition of calcium fluoride, lithium oxide, and potassium hydroxide. Elevating slag basicity by increasing the calcia and magnesia additions produced conflicting results with respect to slag viscosity. Relative to the baseline composition of 53 pct CaO, 45 pct SiO2, and 2 pct MgO, increasing the calcia content did not lower viscosity, presumably because of Ca2SiO4 crystallite formation, but increasing magnesia content produced a modest decrease in viscosity. Calcium fluoride and lithium oxide were proved to be highly effective in lowering viscosity. Calcium fluoride additions equivalent to 10 wt pct of the slag mass lowered viscosity by an average of 125 mPa s at slag temperatures between 1798 K and 1948 K (1525 °C and 1675 °C); viscosities below 50 mPa s were measured above 1968 K (1695 °C).

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Acknowledgment

The authors gratefully acknowledge Elkem for their financial support of this study.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Precious Metals Smelter, Stillwater Mining Company, Columbus, MT, USA

    Katie J. Schumacher (Metallurgical Engineer)

  2. Elkem AS, Technology, Kristiansand, Norway

    Jesse F. White (Senior Research Engineer)

  3. Metallurgical and Materials Engineering Department, Montana Tech, Butte, MT, USA

    Jerome P. Downey (Associate Professor)

Authors
  1. Katie J. Schumacher
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  2. Jesse F. White
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  3. Jerome P. Downey
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Jerome P. Downey.

Additional information

Manuscript submitted December 30, 2013.

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Schumacher, K.J., White, J.F. & Downey, J.P. Viscosities in the Calcium–Silicate Slag System in the Range of 1798 K to 1973 K (1525 °C to 1700 °C). Metall Mater Trans B 46, 119–124 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11663-014-0173-1

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