Abstract
Inadequate room-temperature plasticity limits the application of bulk metallic glasses (BMGs). This study focuses on enhancing the plasticity of BMGs for widening their applications. Composition modification of Cu60Zr25Ti15 through the minor addition of Ni is the approach adopted in this study. A systematic increase in mechanical properties is observed with increasing Ni content (up to 5 at. pct), followed by a decrease thereafter. Values of yield stress (2425 MPa), fracture stress (2513 MPa), maximum stress (2725 MPa), and plastic strain (16 pct) exhibited by (Cu60Zr25Ti15)95Ni5 BMGs are higher than those reported in the literature for Cu-BMGs (high Cu content). Analysis of the glass transition region indicated that the enthalpy values of the exothermic heat flow prior to glass transition (ΔHbg) and the fragility parameter (m) are well correlated with the plasticity of the alloys. The increasing fragility parameter and exothermic enthalpy correspond to higher free volume. Therefore, high plasticity values can be attributed to the free volume modification (creation and distribution) caused by Ni addition. This free volume modification initiates shear bands and promotes their branching; consequent interactions among them increase the resistance to shear band propagation and, thereby, delay the fracture.
Similar content being viewed by others
Notes
JEOL is a trademark of Japan Electron Optics Ltd., Tokyo.
References
J.W. Qiao, H.L. Jia, C.P. Chuang, E.W. Huang, G.Y. Wang, P.K. Liaw, Y. Ren, and Y. Zhang: Scripta Mater., 2010, vol. 63, pp. 871–74.
C.L. Qin, W. Zhang, K. Asami, H. Kimura, X.M. Wang, and A. Inoue: Acta Mater., 2006, vol. 54, pp. 3713–19.
P. Jinhong, Y. Pan, J. Wu, and H. Xiancong: Rare Met. Mater. Eng., 2014, vol. 43, pp. 32–35.
M.L. Lee, Y. Li, and C.A. Schuh: Acta Mater., 2004, vol. 52, pp. 4121–31.
K.B. Kim, J. Das, F. Baier, M.B. Tang, W.H. Wang, and J. Eckert: Appl. Phys. Lett., 2006, vol. 88, pp. 051911–051913.
S.W. Lee, M.Y. Huh, E. Fleury, and J.C. Lee: Acta Mater., 2006, vol. 54, pp. 349–55.
J. Pan, K.C. Chan, Q. Chen, N. Li, S.F. Guo, and L. Liu: J. Alloys Compd., 2010, vol. 504, pp. S74–S77.
J. Gu, M. Song, S. Ni, S. Guo, and Y. He: Mater. Des., 2013, vol. 47, pp. 706–10.
Y. Zhao, S. Kou, H. Suo, R. Wang, and Y. Ding: Mater. Des., 2010, vol. 31, pp. 1029–32.
X. Ji, Y. Pan, and F. Ni: Mater. Des., 2009, vol. 30, pp. 842–45.
A. Inoue, W. Zhang, T. Zhang, and K. Kurosaka: Acta Mater., 2001, vol. 49, pp. 2645–52.
A. Inoue and W. Zhang: Mater. Trans., 2002, vol. 43, pp. 2921–25.
W. Zhang and A. Inoue: Mater. Trans., 2003, vol. 44, pp. 2220–23.
Y. Pan, Y. Zeng, L. Jing, L. Zhang, and J. Pi: Mater. Des., 2014, vol. 55, pp. 773–77.
A. Caron, R. Wunderlich, D.V. Louzguine-Luzgin, G. Xie, A. Inoue, and H.-J. Fecht: Acta Mater., 2010, vol. 58, pp. 2004–13.
N. Zheng, R.T. Qu, S. Pauly, M. Calin, T. Gemming, Z.F. Zhang, and J. Eckert: Appl. Phys. Lett., 2012, vol. 100, pp. 1419011–1419014.
L.Y. Chen, Z.D. Fu, G.Q. Zhang, X.P. Hao, Q.K. Jiang, X.D. Wang, Q.P. Cao, H. Franz, Y.G. Liu, H.S. Xie, and S.L. Zhang: Phys. Rev. Lett., 2008, vol. 100, pp. 0755011–0755014.
Z. Liu, R. Li, G. Liu, W. Su, H. Wang, Y. Li, M. Shi, X. Luo, G. Wu, and T. Zhang: Acta Mater., 2012, vol. 60, pp. 3128–39.
Z.Y. Suo, K.Q. Qiu, Q.F. Li, Y.L. Ren, and Z.Q. Hu: Mater. Sci. Eng. A, 2010, vol. 527, pp. 2486–91.
J. Wu, Y. Pan, X. Li, and X. Wang: Mater. Des., 2014, vol. 57, pp. 175–79.
J. Wu, Y. Pan, X. Li, and X. Wang: Mater. Sci. Eng. A, 2014, vol. 608, pp. 16–20.
G.Z. Ma, B.A. Sun, S. Pauly, K.K. Song, U. Kühn, D. Chen, and J. Eckert: Mater. Sci. Eng. A, 2013, vol. 563, pp. 112–16.
W. Zhou, L.T. Kong, J.F. Li, and Y.H. Zhou: J. Mater. Sci., 2012, vol. 47, pp. 4996–5001.
Y.H. Liu, G. Wang, R.J. Wang, M.X. Pan, and W.H. Wang: Science, 2007, vol. 315, pp. 1385–88.
A. Takeuchi and A. Inoue: Mater. Trans., 2005, vol. 46, pp. 2817–29.
CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 84th ed., D.R. Lide, ed., CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL, 2003; Section 6, Fluid Properties, Enthalpy of Fusion.
A.J. Kailath and S. Mandal: Ind. Pat. Off. J., 2016, 2851DEL2014.
J. Hu, B.A. Sun, Y. Yang, C.T. Liu, S. Pauly, Y.X. Weng, and J. Eckert: Intermetallics, 2015, vol. 66, pp. 31–39.
C.N. Kuo, H.M. Chen, X.H. Du, and J.C. Huang: Intermetallics, 2010, vol. 18, pp. 1648–52.
S.Y. Jiang, M.Q. Jiang, L.H. Dai, and Y.G. Yao: Nano. Res. Lett., 2008, vol. 3, pp. 524–29.
D. Klaumünzer, R. Maaß, and J.F. Löffler: J. Mater. Res., 2011, vol. 26, pp. 1453–63.
S.X. Song, H. Bei, J. Wadsworth, and T.G. Nieh: Intermetallics, 2008, vol. 16, pp. 813–18.
B.A. Sun, H.B. Yu, W. Jiao, H.Y. Bai, D.Q. Zhao, and W.H. Wang: Phys. Rev. Lett., 2010, vol. 105, pp. 0355011–03550114.
E.S. Park, H.J. Chang, D.H. Kim, T. Ohkubo, and K. Hono: Scripta Mater., 2006, vol. 54, pp. 1569–73.
Y.C. Kim, J.C. Lee, D.H. Kim, and E. Fleury: U.S. Patent US7591916 B2, 2009.
C.L. Dai, J.W. Deng, Z.X. Zhang, and J. Xu: J. Mater. Res., 2008, vol. 23, pp. 1249–57.
Z.F. Zhang, G. He, J. Eckert, and L. Schultz: Phys. Rev. Lett., 2003, vol. 91, pp. 0455051–0455054.
G. He, Z.F. Zhang, W. Löser, J. Eckert, and L. Schultz: Acta Mater., 2003, vol. 51, pp. 2383–95.
Y.F. Sun, S.K. Guan, B.C. Wei, Y.R. Wang, and C.H. Shek: Mater. Sci. Eng. A, 2005, vol. 406, pp. 57–62.
M. Kusy, U. Kühn, A. Concustell, A. Gebert, J. Das, J. Eckert, L. Schultz, and M.D. Baro: Intermetallics, 2006, vol. 14, pp. 982–86.
Z.F. Zhang, J. Eckert, and L. Schultz: Acta Mater., 2003, vol. 51, pp. 1167–79.
C.A. Pampillo: J. Mater. Sci., 1975, vol. 10, pp. 1194–1227.
G. Subhash, R.J. Dowding, and L.J. Kecskes: Mater. Sci. Eng. A, 2002, vol. 334, pp. 33–40.
H.A. Bruck, A.J. Rosakis, and W.L. Johnson: J. Mater. Res., 1996, vol. 11, pp. 503–11.
C.T. Liu, L. Heatherly, J.A. Horton, D.S. Easton, C.A. Carmichael, J.L. Wright, M.H. Yoo, J.A. Horton, and A. Inoue: Metall. Mater. Trans. A, 1998, vol. 29A, pp. 1811–20.
H.J. Leamy, T.T. Wang, and H.S. Chen: Metall. Trans., 1972, vol. 3, pp. 699–708.
R.D. Conner, H. Choi-Yim, and W.L. Johnson: J. Mater. Res., 1999, vol. 14, pp. 3292–97.
M. Chen, A. Inoue, W. Zhang, and T. Sakurai: Phys. Rev. Lett., 2006, vol. 96, pp. 2455021–2455024.
T.C. Hufnagel, C. Fan, R.T. Ott, J. Li, and S. Brennan: Intermetallics, 2002, vol. 10, pp. 1163–66.
M. Sun, L. Liu, J. Wang, and B. Liu: Acta Metall. Sinica (China), 2005, vol. 41, pp. 534–38.
D. Turnbull and M.H. Cohen: J. Chem. Phys., 1970, vol. 52, pp. 3038–41.
F. Spaepen: Acta Metall., 1977, vol. 25, pp. 407–15.
P.S. Steif, F. Spaepen, and J.W. Hutchinson: Acta Metall., 1982, vol. 30, pp. 447–55.
A. Slipenyuk and J. Eckert: Scripta Mater., 2004, vol. 50, pp. 39–44.
C.A. Angell: Science, 1995, vol. 267, pp. 1924–35.
C.A. Angell: Strong and Fragile Liquids, 1985, vol. 3, pp. 3–11.
A.S. Argon: Acta Metall., 1979, vol. 27, pp. 47–58.
W.K. An, A.H. Cai, X. Xiong, Y. Liu, G.J. Zhou, Y. Luo, T.L. Li, and X.S. Li: Mater. Sci. Eng. A, 2013, vol. 564, pp. 442–49.
M.M. Trexler and N.N. Thadhani: Progr. Mater. Sci., 2010, vol. 55, pp. 759–839.
Acknowledgments
Funding from the CSIR-NML (OLP-203) is greatly acknowledged. The help received from Ms. Siuli (CSIR-NML) with the SEM micrographs is also acknowledged. One of the authors (SM) acknowledges the research fellowship received from MHRD, India.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Manuscript submitted June 25, 2018.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Mandal, S., Kailath, A.J. Enhanced Plasticity of Cu-Zr-Ti Bulk Metallic Glass and Its Correlation with Fragility. Metall Mater Trans A 50, 199–208 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11661-018-4980-x
Received:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11661-018-4980-x