Skip to main content
Log in

Synthesis and Properties of Pulse Electrodeposited Lead-Free Tin-Based Sn/ZrSiO4 Nanocomposite Coatings

  • Published:
Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

The Sn-based ZrSiO4 nanocomposite coatings have been synthesized by pulse co-electrodeposition technique from an aqueous electrolyte containing SnCl2·2H2O, C6H17N3O7, Triton X, and varying amounts of nano-sized ZrSiO4 particles (0, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, and 35 g/L). As-deposited films have been analyzed using X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscope equipped with an energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer, and transmission electron microscope. The microhardness, wear as well as corrosion property of the coatings have been also evaluated. It is observed that the surface morphology of Sn-ZrSiO4 nanocomposite coatings is strongly dependent on the reinforcement concentration in the electrolyte, and the Sn-ZrSiO4 nanocomposite solder deposited from the electrolyte containing 25 g/L ZrSiO4 yields the highest hardness and the best wear and corrosion property among all the synthesized samples. The whisker growth propensity of the developed Sn-ZrSiO4 nanocomposites has also been examined after 90 days of aging at room temperature and reported here.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8
Fig. 9
Fig. 10
Fig. 11
Fig. 12
Fig. 13
Fig. 14
Fig. 15
Fig. 16
Fig. 17
Fig. 18
Fig. 19
Fig. 20
Fig. 21

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. M. Abtew and G. Selvaduray: Mater. Sci. Eng. R., 2000, vol. 27, pp. 95-141.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. L. Jiang, K. Yang, J. Zhou, K. Xiang, and W. Wang: Microelectron. Reliab., 2008, vol. 48, pp. 438-444.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. H.-T. Lee, H.-S. Lin, C.-S. Lee, and Po-Wei Chen: Mater. Sci. Eng. A., 2005, vol. 407, pp. 36-44.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. A. Sharma, S. Das, and K. Das: Surf. Coat. Technol., 2015, vol 261, pp. 235-243.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. J. Shen, and Y.C. Chan: Microelectron. Reliab., 2009, vol. 49, pp. 223-234.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. A.E. Pedigo, C.A. Handwerker, and J.E. Blendell: IEEE Electronic Components and Technology Conference, 2008, pp. 1498–1504.

  7. V. Mangam, S. Bhattacharya, K. Das, and S. Das: Surf. Coat. Technol., 2010, vol. 205, pp. 801-805.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. V. Mangam, K. Das, and S. Das: Mater. Chem. Phys., 2010, vol. 120, pp. 631-635.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. C.M.L. Wu, D.Q. Yu, C.M.T. Law, and L. Wang: Mater. Sci. Eng. R., 2004, vol. 44, pp. 1-44.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. A. Sharma, S. Bhattacharya, S. Das, H.-J. Fecht, and K. Das: J. Alloy. Compd., 2013, vol. 574, pp. 609-616.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. Ashutosh Sharma, Sumit Bhattacharya, Siddhartha Das, and Karabi Das: Metall. Metal Trans. A, 2013, vol. 44A, pp. 5587-5601.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. A. Sharma, B.G. Baek, and J.P. Jung: Mat. Des., 2015, vol. 87, pp. 370-379.

    Google Scholar 

  13. A. Sharma, D.E. Xu, J. Chow, M. Mayer, H.R. Sohn, and J.P. Jung: Electron. Mater. Lett., 2015, in press.

  14. J. McDougall, S. Choi, T.R. Bieler, K.N. Subramanian, and J.P. Lucas: Mater. Sci. Eng. A., 2000, vol. 285A, pp. 25–34.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. A.R. Geranmayeh, R. Mahmudi, and M. Kangooie: Mater. Sci. Eng. A., 2011, vol. 528A, pp. 3967–72.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. P. Babaghorbani, S.M.L. Nai, and M. Gupta: J. Alloys Compd., 2009, vol. 478, pp. 458-461.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. C. Even, C. Arvieu, and J.M. Quenisset: Compos. Sci. Technol., 2008, vol. 68, pp. 1273-1281.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  18. S.C. Tjong, and Yiu-Wing Mai: Compos. Sci. Technol., 2008, vol. 68, pp. 583-601.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  19. L. Fuso, D. Manfredi, S. Biamino, M. Pavese, P. Fino, and C. Badini: Compos. Sci. Technol., 2009, vol. 69, pp. 1772-1776.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  20. Y. Kun, V. Dollhopf, and R. Kochendorfer: Compos. Sci. Technol., 1993, vol. 46, pp. 1–6.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. A. Sharma, S. Bhattacharya, R. Sen, B.S.B. Reddy, H.-J. Fecht, K. Das, and S. Das: Mater. Charact., 2012, vol. 68, pp. 22-32.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  22. A. Sharma, S. Bhattacharya, S. Das, and K. Das: Appl. Surf. Sci., 2014, vol. 290, pp. 373-380.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  23. A. Sharma, K. Das, H.-J. Fecht, and S. Das: Appl. Surf. Sci., 2014, vol. 314, pp. 516-522.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  24. A. Sharma, S. Das, and K. Das: Metall. Metal. Trans. A, 2014, vol. 45A, pp. 4610-4622.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  25. A. Sharma, Y.J. Jang, and J.P. Jung: Surf. Eng., in press. DOI:10.1179/1743294414Y.0000000427

  26. R. Polini, M. Barletta, and G. Cristofanilli: Thin Solid Films., 2010, vol. 519, pp. 1629-1635.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  27. D. Roy, S.S. Singh, B. Basu,W. Lojkowski, R. Mitra, and I. Manna: Wear., 2009, vol. 266, pp. 1113-1118.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  28. C.H. Seah, S. Mridha, and L.H. Chan: J. Mater. Process. Technol., 2001, vol. 114, pp. 252-256.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  29. Y.S. Zhang, K. Wang, Z. Han, and G. Liu: Wear., 2007, vol. 262, pp. 1463-1470.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  30. X.L. Zhong, and M. Gupta: J. Phys. D. Appl. Phys, 2008, vol. 41, pp. 095403.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  31. A.K. Gain, Y.C. Chan,, and W.K.C. Yung: Microelectron. Reliab., 2011, vol. 51, pp. 975–984.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  32. A.K. Gain, Y.C. Chan, and W.K.C. Yung: Microelectron. Reliab., 2011, vol. 51, pp. 2306–2313.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  33. M.A.A. Mohd Salleh, A.M. Al Bakri, H. Kamarudin, M. Bnhussain, M.H. Zan@Hazizi, and F. Somidin: Phys. Procedia, 2011, vol. 22, pp. 299–304.

  34. P. Liu, P. Yao, and J. Liu:: J. Electron. Mater., 2008, vol. 37, pp. 874–879.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  35. P. Babaghorbani, S.M.L. Nai, and M. Gupta: J. Mater. Sci. Mater. Electron., 2009, vol. 20, pp. 571–576.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  36. A. Fawzy, S.A. Fayek,M. Sobhy, E. Nassr, M.M.Mousa, and G. Saad: J. Mater. Sci. Mater. Electron., 2013, vol. 24, pp. 3210–3218.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  37. A. Sharma, and S. Das: Mat. Des., 2009, vol. 30, pp. 3900-3903.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  38. N. Kanani: Electroplating: Basic Principles and Practice, 1st edn, Elsevier Science, Amsterdam, 2005.

    Google Scholar 

  39. Andre Mezin: Surf. Coat. Technol.,2006, vol. 200, pp. 5259 – 5267.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  40. L. Besra and M. Liu: Prog. Mater. Sci., 2007, vol. 52, pp. 1-61.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  41. B. P. Singh, S. Bhattacharjee, and L. Besra: Mater. Lett., 2002, vol. 56, pp. 475-480.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  42. Z. Zainal, S. Nagalingam, and T.M. Hua: J. Mater. Sci. Mater. Electron., 2005, vol. 16, p. 281.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  43. Shou-Yi Chang, Chi-Fang Chen, Su-Jien Lin, and Theo Z. Kattamis: Acta. Mater., 2003, vol. 51, pp. 6191–6302.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  44. L. Weber, C. Fischer, and A. Mortensen: Acta. Mater. 2003, vol. 51, pp. 495-505.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  45. L. Weber: Acta. Mater. 2005, vol. 53, pp. 1945-1953.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  46. M. Gupta, G. Karunasiri, and M.O. Lai: Mater. Sci. Eng. A., 1996, vol. A219, pp. 133-141.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  47. V. Harok and K. Neufuss: J. Therm. Spray. Technol., 2001, vol. 10, pp. 126-132.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  48. Y.-J. Oh, T.-S. Oh, H.-J. Jung: J. Mater. Sci., 1991, vol. 26, pp. 6491 -6495

    Article  Google Scholar 

  49. X. Deng, M. Koopman, N. Chawla, K.K. Chawla: Mat. Sci. Eng. A., 2004, vol. 364, pp. 240-243.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  50. M. Sobiech, U. Welzel, E.J. Mittemeijer, W. Hügel, and A. Seekamp: Appl. Phys. Lett., 2008, vol. 93, p. 011906(1–3).

  51. K. N. Tu: Acta. Mater. 1973, vol. 21, pp. 347-354.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  52. W.D. Callister: Materials Science and Engineering: An Introduction, 3 rd ed., John Wiley & Sons Inc., Singapore, 1994.

    Google Scholar 

  53. R. Sen, S. Das, K. Das: Surf. Coat. Technol., 2011, vol. 205, pp. 3847–55.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  54. Zhu Xu-Bei, Cai Chao, Zheng Guo-qu, Zhang Zhao, Li Jin-feng: Trans. Nonferrous Met. Soc. China., 2011, vol. 21, pp. 2216−2224.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  55. P. Baghery, M. Farzam, A.B. Mousavi, M. Hosseini: Surf. Coat. Technol., 2010, vol. 204, pp. 3804–3810.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  56. Y.Z. Zhan and G. Zhang: Tribol. Lett., 2004, vol. 17, pp. 581-592.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Karabi Das.

Additional information

Manuscript submitted April 11, 2015.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Bhattacharya, S., Sharma, A., Das, S. et al. Synthesis and Properties of Pulse Electrodeposited Lead-Free Tin-Based Sn/ZrSiO4 Nanocomposite Coatings. Metall Mater Trans A 47, 1292–1312 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11661-015-3313-6

Download citation

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11661-015-3313-6

Keywords

Navigation