Abstract
The deformation behavior of equal channel angular pressing (ECAP) was discussed by using plasticity method. The node mapping method is employed to realize the analysis of multi-pass ECAP by using three-dimensional FEM methods for pure aluminum. The single-pass ECAP is a non-uniform shear deformation process in the cross-section of the workpiece. The uniform deformation processing routes are obtained during multi-pass ECAP process. In addition, the density of dislocations and defects of crystal lattice are also largely changed for different processing routes. The grain microstructure is gradually refined with the increase of the pressing passes. The grains and their distribution obtained by route Bc are more useful for producing the material with high angle grain boundaries. The grain microstructure of the cross section of the pressed material decreases with the increase of strain, and some grains exhibit transformed grain boundary (PTB) fringes. The dislocation density in the grain decreases, and the grain boundary presents equiaxed distribution.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Estrin Y, Murashkin M, Valiev R. Fundamentals of Aluminium Metallurgy[M]. London: Woodhead Publishing, 2011
Valiev R Z. Nanostructured Metals and Alloys[M]. London: Wood-head Publishing, 2011
Segal V M, Reznikov V I, Drobyshevskiy A E. Plastic Metal Working by Simple Shear[J]. Izvestia Akademii nauk SSSR. Metally, 1981, 1: 115–1123
Segall V M. Mechanics of Continuous Equal-channel Angular Extrusion[J]. J. Mater. Process. Technol., 2010, 210(3): 542–549
Dyakonov G S, Zemtsova E, Mironov S. An EBSD Investigation of Ultrafine-grain Titanium for Biomedical Applications[J]. Mater. Sci. Eng. A, 2015, 648: 305–310
Rosochowski A, Olejnik L, Richert J. Equal Channel Angular Pressing with Converging Billets-Experiment[J]. Mater. Sci. Eng. A, 2013, 560: 358–364
Kim H S, Seo M H, Hong S I. Finite Element Analysis of Equal Channel Angular Pressing of Strain Rate Sensitive Metals[J]. J. Mater. Process. Technol., 2002, 130/131: 497–503
Zhernakov V S, Budilov I N, Raab G I. A Numerical Modelling and Investigations of Flow Stress and Grain Refinement during Equal-channel Angular Pressing[J]. Scripta Mater., 2001, 44(8–9): 1 765–1 769
Yoon S C, Jeong H, Lee S. Analysis of Plastic Deformation Behavior during Back Pressure Equal Channel Angular Pressing by the Finite Element Method[J]. Computational Materials Science, 2013, 77(2): 202–207
Kim H S, Seo M H. Plastic Deformation Analysis of Metals during Equal Channel Angular Pressing[J]. J. Mater. Process. Technol., 2001, 113(1–3): 622–626
Suh J Y, Kim H S, Park J W. Finite Element Analysis of Material Flow in Equal Channel Angular Pressing[J]. Scripta Mater., 2001, 44 (4): 677–681
Moon B S, Kim H S, Hong S I. Plastic Flow and Deformation Homogeneity of 6061 Al during Equal Channel Angular Pressing[J]. Scripta Mater., 2002, 46(2): 131–136
Kim H S. Analysis of Thermal Behavior during Equal Channel Multi-angular Pressing by the 3-dimensional Finite Volume Method[J]. Mater. Sci. Eng. A, 2009, 55 (1–2): 66–70
Furukawa M, Horita Z, Langdon T G. Principles of Deformation in Single Crystals of Two Different Orientations Processed by Equal-channel Angular Pressing[J]. Mater. Sci. Eng. A, 2009, 503 (1–2): 21–27
Zha M, Li Y, Mathiesen. Microstructure Evolution and Mechanical Behavior of a Binary Al-7Mg Alloy Processed by Equal-channel Angular Pressing[J]. Acta Mater., 2015, 84: 42–54
Trivedi P, Nune K C, Misra R D K. Grain Refinement to Submicron Regime in Multiaxial Forged Mg-2Zn-2Gd Alloy and Relationship to Mechanical Properties[J]. Mater. Sci. Eng. A, 2016, 668: 59–65
Dogan E, Vaughan M W, Wan S J. Role of Starting Texture and Deformation Modes on Low-temperature Shear Formability and Shear Localization of Mg-3Al-1Zn Alloy[J]. Acta Mater., 2015, 89: 408–422
Xu S, Zhao G, Ma X. Finite Element Analysis and Optimization of Equal Channel Angular Pressing for Producing Ultra-fine Grained Materials[J]. J. Mater. Process. Technol., 2007, 184(1–3): 209–216
Xu S, Zhao G, Ren G. Numerical Investigation of Aluminum Deformation Behavior in Three-dimensional Continuous Confined Strip Shearing Process[J]. Computational Materials Science, 2008, 44(2): 247–252
T Altan, S I Oh, H L Gegel. Metal Forming: Fundamentals and Applications, American Society for Metals[M]. Ohio: Carnes Publication Services, 1983
Salevati M A, Akbaripanah F, Mahmudi R. Comparison of the Effects of Isothermal Equal Channel Angular Pressing and Multi-directional Forging on Mechanical Properties of AM60 Magnesium Alloy[J]. Mater. Sci. Eng A, 2020, 776(139 002): 1–9
Kobayashi S, Oh S I, Altan T. Metal Forming and the Finite Element Method[M]. New York: Oxford. University Press, 1989
Funding
Funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.41305124), the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province, China (No. ZR2021ME182) and State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die & Mould Technology Foundation (P12)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Xu, S., Wang, H., Liu, P. et al. Deformation Behavior and Microstructure Evolution during Equal Channel Angular Pressing of Pure Aluminum. J. Wuhan Univ. Technol.-Mat. Sci. Edit. 37, 130–135 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11595-022-2509-z
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11595-022-2509-z