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Effective photocatalytic degradation of antibiotic chloramphenicol and anionic direct violet 51 dye using g-C3N4 embedded NiO nanocomposite

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Abstract

In this study, a various weight percentage (50, 100, and 150 wt%) of g-C3N4 embedded NiO nanocomposite was synthesized by thermal polymerization followed by a simple hydrothermal technique. The synthesized photocatalysts were thoroughly characterized by employing sophisticated instrument methods such as p-XRD, HR-TEM, HR-XPS, UV–Vis DRS, and PL. The optimum incorporation of g-C3N4 (100 wt%) into the NiO system significantly increased the photocatalytic degradation of antibiotic chloramphenicol (CPL) with a percentage of 93.95% after 150 min of light exposure. Similarly, the Ni-CN-150 nanocomposite successfully degraded anionic direct violet 51 azo dye at 90.42% after 120 min of light irradiation. The efficient decrease of electron–hole recombination by transferring electrons between junctions improved photocatalytic degradation. The nanocomposite remained stable after six cycles of degradation for CPL and DV 51 pollutants in recycling trials. Quenching investigations identified the main reactive species that degrade pollutants and detailed the likely photocatalytic reaction process.

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Acknowledgements

Dr. Mohd Afzal extends his appreciation to Researchers Supporting Project number (RSPD2024R979), King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, for financial assistance.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Electronic and Communication Engineering, Karpaga Vinayaga College of Engineering and Technology, Chengalpattu, Tamilnadu, 603308, India

    K. S. Balamurugan

  2. Department of Science and Humanities, Nehru Institute of Engineering and Technology (Autonomous), Thirumalayampalayam, Coimbatore, 641 105, Tamilnadu, India

    V. Rohini

  3. School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, 280 Daehak-Ro, Gyeongsan, 38541, Republic of Korea

    Vasudeva Reddy Minnam Reddy & Woo Kyoung Kim

  4. Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, 11451, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

    Mohd Afzal

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  1. K. S. Balamurugan
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  3. Vasudeva Reddy Minnam Reddy
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  4. Woo Kyoung Kim
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Contributions

K.S. Balamurugan: conceptualization, investigation, methodology, data curation, writing—original draft.

V. Rohini: investigation, writing and editing.

Vasudeva Reddy Minnam Reddy: investigation, data curation.

Woo Kyoung Kim: investigation, data curation.

Mohd Afzal: data curation, formal analysis, funding acquisition.

Corresponding authors

Correspondence to K. S. Balamurugan, V. Rohini, Vasudeva Reddy Minnam Reddy or Woo Kyoung Kim.

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Balamurugan, K.S., Rohini, V., Minnam Reddy, V. et al. Effective photocatalytic degradation of antibiotic chloramphenicol and anionic direct violet 51 dye using g-C3N4 embedded NiO nanocomposite. Ionics (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11581-024-05533-1

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