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The influence of sodium gluconate on nickel and manganese codeposition from acidic chloride-sulfate baths

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Abstract

Nickel and manganese were codeposited from acidic chloride-sulfate solution in the presence and without sodium gluconate as complexing and buffering agent. Equilibrium pH-dependent distribution of soluble species in the baths was calculated. Deposition of metals was studied by cyclic voltammetry and Hull cell tests. Deposits were obtained in potentiostatic (−1.6 to −1.7 V vs. Ag/AgCl) and galvanostatic (4–8 A/dm2) conditions. It was found that the buffering action of gluconate ions improved the quality of the deposits, and compact Ni-Mn with a grid of fine crack layers was produced. The additive inhibited the formation of nonmetallic inclusions represented by decreased oxygen content in the deposits. Layers produced at constant potentials contained 67–79 % Ni, 1–8 % Mn, and 15–30 % O. Under galvanostatic conditions, the average compositions were in the range of 18–80 % Ni, 2–48 % Mn, and 17–42 % O. Despite of the bath composition, the main cathodic reaction was hydrogen evolution resulting in very low amounts of the cathodic deposits.

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Acknowledgments

This research work was realized under Project No. AGH 11.11.180.373.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Faculty of Non-Ferrous Metals, AGH University of Science and Technology, Al. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059, Cracow, Poland

    Ewa Rudnik & Grzegorz Włoch

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  1. Ewa Rudnik
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  2. Grzegorz Włoch
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Correspondence to Ewa Rudnik.

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Rudnik, E., Włoch, G. The influence of sodium gluconate on nickel and manganese codeposition from acidic chloride-sulfate baths. Ionics 20, 1747–1755 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11581-014-1137-9

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11581-014-1137-9

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