Abstract
The Neotropical species Fomitiporia apiahyna was repeatedly shown to form a lineage with multiple sublineages that could correspond to different phylogenetic species, hence forming a highly diverse species complex. Due to their inconspicuous morphological features, species delimitation in this complex needs an integrative taxonomic perspective. In this study, we have performed multilocus molecular (ITS, ncLSU, TEF-1α, and RPB2) analyses in order to delimit the phylogenetic placement of specimens previously determined as F. apiahyna and to determine the phylogenetic diversity in term of clades that could be equated to species. Both morphological, ecological, and distribution data have been integrated to better delimit species boundaries. The F. apiahyna sensu lato lineage was shown to encompass four clades, corresponding to the four species: F. apiahyna sensu stricto, which is confirmed based on specimens originating from the type locality and here epitypified; F. nubicola sp. nov., proposed based on specimens found on Drimys angustifolia and Drimys sp., a relic plant species distributed exclusively in fragmented forests of high altitude areas in southern Brazil; F. conyana sp. nov., proposed from specimens previously suggested as the closest to F. apiahyna s.s.; and F. murrilli sp. nov., proposed based on specimens found on the locally exotic Eucalyptus sp. and another undefined angiosperm in southern Brazil. Additionally, Phellinus elegans emerged from the synonymy of F. apiahyna and the new combination Fomitiporia elegans is proposed. An identification key to the Neotropical species with pileate basidioma also is provided. Phylogenetically delimited species are strongly supported by ecological data, and in the case of F. conyana by clear-cut morphological data. It is expected that, with the redefinition of F. apiahyna s.s., other phylogenetic species will emerge in the near future.
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Data availability
The sequences generated and/or analyzed during the current study are available in the GenBank repository [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/genbank/]. All analyzed specimens are deposited in public herbaria. The datasets analyzed are available in the TreeBase repository under ID mentioned in this study, [https://www.treebase.org/treebase-web/home.html].
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Acknowledgments
The authors thank Fiocruz for performing the molecular sequencing; PPGFAP/UFSC and PPGBOT/UFRGS for the general support; the herbaria BAFC, ICN, FLOR, and LPS for loans; and Mr. Ronaldo Sanchez for the field assistance.
Funding
The field work and molecular analyses of GAS, MAR, AGN, ERDS, and FB were supported by BrBOL, Brazilian Program for Biodiversity Research (PPBio) Atlantic Forest Network (CNPq 457451/2012-9), CNPq/Capes/FAPs/BC-Fundo Newton/PELD no. 15/2016, FAPESC/CNPq (PRONEM 2020TR733), and Universal 01/2016 (no. 421966/2016-5). GAS and MAR were also supported by Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior—Brasil (CAPES, Financial Code 001), and CAPES (PNPD Institucional 2011—23038.007790/2011-93), respectively. GLR was supported by FONCYT, PICT 0830. AGN, ERDS (process no. 311158/2018-8), and RMBS (process no. 301874/2015-8) are supported by CNPq. This research is part of the MIND.Funga Project: http://www.mindfunga.ufsc.br/.
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Genivaldo Alves-Silva, Mateus Arduvino Reck, and Elisandro Ricardo Drechsler-Santos designed the experiment, and collected and conducted experiments in the field; Genivaldo Alves-Silva and Mateus Arduvino Reck conducted the molecular experiment; Genivaldo Alves-Silva, Mateus Arduvino Reck, Felipe Bittencourt, Gerardo Lucio Robledo, and Elisandro Ricardo Drechsler-Santos analyzed the data; Genivaldo Alves-Silva, Mateus Arduvino Reck, Rosa Mara Borges da Silveira, Felipe Bittencourt, Aristóteles Góes-Neto, and Elisandro Ricardo Drechsler-Santos evaluated critically the experiments and wrote the manuscript.
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Alves-Silva, G., Reck, M.A., da Silveira, R.M.B. et al. The Neotropical Fomitiporia (Hymenochaetales, Basidiomycota): the redefinition of F. apiahyna s.s. allows revealing a high hidden species diversity. Mycol Progress 19, 769–790 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11557-020-01593-5
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11557-020-01593-5