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Taxonomic and functional diversity in Calogaya (lichenised Ascomycota) in dry continental Asia

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Abstract

The genus Calogaya (Teloschistaceae, Xanthorioideae) was established to accommodate mainly epilithic lichens with lobate thalli, previously regarded as the “Caloplaca saxicola group.” Data supporting the recognition of this new genus came from European lichens, and although the genus is soundly based, we have found in Asia numerous epiphytic lineages and lineages with reduced, non-lobate thallus in dry continental areas. The taxonomic and functional diversity of Calogaya is distinctly higher in steppe and desert areas of Asia than in the less arid regions of Europe. We sampled 238 specimens, mostly from arid regions of north-western China, Iran, southern Siberia and Turkey. Three nuclear DNA loci were analysed separately and jointly by Bayesian inference, maximum likelihood and *BEAST approaches. Delimitations of 28 putative species were tested by BP&P multispecies coalescent model with joint analysis of species delimitation and species-tree estimation. Finally, we recognised 22 taxonomic units: 16 are at species rank, 3 are treated as subspecies and 3 are complexes, treated here as a single entity, but in reality probably including more than one species. Calogaya altynis, C. biatorina subsp. asiatica, C. decipiens subsp. esorediata, C. haloxylonis, C. orientalis, C. xanthoriella and C. xinjiangis are newly described. Caloplaca zoroasteriorum is combined into Calogaya, and Calogaya persica is reduced to a subspecies. The taxonomic status of Calogaya saxicola is unclear, and the name is employed here “sensu lato” for several non-monophyletic epilithic lineages with short-lobed thalli. Calogaya biatorina and C. ferrugineoides are the two other heterogeneous taxonomic units probably including more species.

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Acknowledgments

Linda in Arcadia kindly revised the manuscript. We acknowledge generous support from the National natural science foundation of China (NFSC, projects no. 31093440 and no. 31260008) and a long-term research development grant RVO 67985939.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute of Botany, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Zámek 1, CZ-252 43, Průhonice, Czech Republic

    Jan Vondrák

  2. Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská 1760, CZ-370 05, České Budějovice, Czech Republic

    Jan Vondrák & Jiří Košnar

  3. Hurnisa Shahidin, College of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, 830046, Urumqi, China

    Hurnisa Shahidin

  4. Mahroo Haji Moniri, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Mashhad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Rahnamaie Str., Mashhad, 917 56 87 119, Iran

    Mahroo Haji Moniri

  5. Gökhan Halıcı, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey

    Gökhan Halıcı

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  1. Jan Vondrák
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  2. Hurnisa Shahidin
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  4. Gökhan Halıcı
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Correspondence to Jan Vondrák.

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Section Editor: Gerhard Rambold

Electronic supplementary material

ESM 1

Concatenated ML tree based on analysis of alignment including all three loci (ITS, beta-tubulin, MS204). Branches with bootstrap support (BP > 0.7) have thick lines. Clades recognised at species level are displayed as cartoons (grey triangles or squares). Length of cartoons (horizontal dimension) reflects number of haplotypes within clades. Height of cartoons reflects sampling size. Numbers of samples per clade are in brackets following names of taxa. (JPG 644 kb)

ESM 2

ITS (Fig. 2), beta-tubulin (Fig. 3), and MS204 (Fig. 4) trees generated by Bayesian inference. Branches with posterior probabilities. Terminals with NCBI accession numbers. (JPG 1864 kb)

ESM 3

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ESM 4

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ESM 5

Data for sequenced specimens (ID, locality, substrate & NCBI accession numbers). Substrate: bryo (muscicolous), calc (calcareous), sax (saxicolous), sili (siliceous). In some cases, mostly in MS204, two different sequences were generated (putative paralogs) from a single specimen. In such cases, both NCBI accession numbers are listed. (XLSX 31 kb)

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Vondrák, J., Shahidin, H., Moniri, M.H. et al. Taxonomic and functional diversity in Calogaya (lichenised Ascomycota) in dry continental Asia. Mycol Progress 17, 897–916 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11557-018-1402-9

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