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Overlapping pixel value ordering predictor for high-capacity reversible data hiding

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Abstract

In recent years, many reversible information hiding methods have been proposed. Among them, the pixel value ordering (PVO) method can be used to create high-fidelity camouflage images under good embedding capacity. The original PVO method adopted the block-by-block manner, and each block could embed only 2 bits. In this study, we propose an overlapping PVO (OPVO) method. In the PPVO method, secret data are embedded in the maximum and minimum pixel values to improve the situation in which only up to 1 bit can be embedded in a sliding window. In the pixel-by-pixel manner, each pixel can embed data multiple times. We make full use of the correlation between adjacent pixels in the natural image to increase the embedding capacity. An advantage of the overlapping PVO method is that its embedding capacity is more than twice as high as that of previous PVO series methods where an acceptable image quality is maintained. In our experiment, the embedding capacity of the smooth image is up to 130,000 bits, whereas that of the complex image is higher. However, the image quality decrease rate of the proposed method tends to be lower than that of the other methods. Therefore, any kind of image is suitable for our method.

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Acknowledgements

This research was partially supported by the Ministry of Science and Technology of the Republic of China under the Grants MOST 106-2221-E-324-006-MY2.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Information Management, Chaoyang University of Technology, Taichung, Taiwan

    Chin-Feng Lee & Somya Agrawal

  2. Department of Management Information Systems, National Chung Hsing University, 145 Xingda Rd, South Dist., Taichung, 402, Taiwan

    Jau-Ji Shen & Yu-Chi Kao

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  1. Chin-Feng Lee
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  2. Jau-Ji Shen
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  4. Somya Agrawal
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Correspondence to Jau-Ji Shen.

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Lee, CF., Shen, JJ., Kao, YC. et al. Overlapping pixel value ordering predictor for high-capacity reversible data hiding. J Real-Time Image Proc 16, 835–855 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11554-019-00872-z

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11554-019-00872-z

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