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A CB2-Selective Cannabinoid Suppresses T-Cell Activities and Increases Tregs and IL-10

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Abstract

We have previously shown that agonists selective for the cannabinoid receptor 2 (CB2), including O-1966, inhibit the Mixed Lymphocyte Reaction (MLR), an in vitro correlate of organ graft rejection, predominantly through effects on T-cells. Current studies explored the mechanism of this immunosuppression by O-1966 using mouse spleen cells. Treatment with O-1966 dose-relatedly decreased levels of the active nuclear forms of the transcription factors NF-κB and NFAT in wild-type T-cells, but not T-cells from CB2 knockout (CB2R k/o) mice. Additionally, a gene expression profile of purified T-cells from MLR cultures generated using a PCR T-cell activation array showed that O-1966 decreased mRNA expression of CD40 ligand and CyclinD3, and increased mRNA expression of Src-like-adaptor 2 (SLA2), Suppressor of Cytokine Signaling 5 (SOCS5), and IL-10. The increase in IL-10 was confirmed by measuring IL-10 protein levels in MLR culture supernatants. Further, an increase in the percentage of regulatory T-cells (Tregs) was observed in MLR cultures. Pretreatment with anti-IL-10 resulted in a partial reversal of the inhibition of proliferation and blocked the increase of Tregs. Additionally, O-1966 treatment caused a dose-related decrease in the expression of CD4 in MLR cultures from wild-type, but not CB2R k/o, mice. These data support the potential of CB2-selective agonists as useful therapeutic agents to prolong graft survival in transplant patients, and strengthens their potential as a new class of immunosuppressive agents with broader applicability.

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Acknowledgments

We would like to thank Dr. Stefania Gallucci, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Temple University School of Medicine for her helpful advice. This work was supported by The Pennsylvania Department of Health as part of the Tobacco Settlement Funds to Temple University, and NIDA grants DA13429, DA06650, and T32-DA07237.

Conflict of Interest Disclosure

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Authorship

R. H. R. designed and performed the experiments, interpreted data, and wrote the manuscript. J. J. M. contributed to the experimental design and data interpretation, and helped with the manuscript. X. F. helped with the cell sorting studies using the flow cytometer. D. Y. performed statistical analyses of data. M. W. A. provided advice on the proposed studies. T. K. E. designed the experiments, interpreted the data, and provided guidance in writing the manuscript.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Center for Substance Abuse Research, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA

    Rebecca H. Robinson, Joseph J. Meissler, Martin W. Adler & Toby K. Eisenstein

  2. Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Temple University School of Medicine, 3500 N Broad St, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA

    Rebecca H. Robinson, Joseph J. Meissler & Toby K. Eisenstein

  3. Manager, Flow Cytometry Facility, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, 19140, PA, USA

    Xiaoxuan Fan

  4. Department of Clinical Sciences, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA

    Daohai Yu

  5. Department of Pharmacology, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA

    Martin W. Adler

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Robinson, R.H., Meissler, J.J., Fan, X. et al. A CB2-Selective Cannabinoid Suppresses T-Cell Activities and Increases Tregs and IL-10. J Neuroimmune Pharmacol 10, 318–332 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11481-015-9611-3

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