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Effect of Cobalt Ion Concentration and Thermal Annealing Temperature on Structural and Magnetic Properties of CoFe2O4 Nanoparticles

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Abstract

Exploring the physical properties of magnetic nanoferrites for applications in data storage media and biomedicine is a crucial step, providing new insights into the physics of nanostructured materials. Here, the focus is on studying the effect of cobalt ion concentration and thermal annealing temperature on the structural and magnetic properties of cobalt ferrite (CoFe2O4) nanoparticles (NPs) synthesized using a co-precipitation method. To this end, Co1−x(Fe2O4)x (x = 0.25, 0.5, and 0.75 M) NPs are initially prepared and then thermally annealed at different temperatures (T = 400–800 °C). X-ray diffraction patterns along with field-emission scanning electron microscopic images indicate the formation of inverse cubic spinel structure with different crystallite sizes and NP size distributions when changing the cobalt ion concentration. Based on hysteresis loop measurements, magnetic parameters such as saturation magnetization (Ms) and coercivity (Hc) show increasing trends from 5.641 emu/g and 146.246 Oe to 8.936 emu/g and 1789.555 Oe when decreasing the cobalt ion concentration. By performing the annealing process, magnetic properties are significantly enhanced in the case of x = 0.25 and 0.5 at T = 400 °C and 600 °C, achieving Ms = 129.954 emu/g and Hc = 1137.697 Oe. Meanwhile, first-order reversal curve (FORC) diagrams are employed to map magnetostatic interactions and coercivity distributions as a function of cobalt ion concentration for NPs annealed at T = 400 °C, manifesting magnetically soft and hard phases. It is found the maximum FORC distribution shifts to higher Hc values with decreasing cobalt ion concentration.

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  1. Department of Physics, College of Science, University of Kufa, Babylon, Iraq

    Ameer F. Shamkhi & Hashim Jabbar

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  1. Ameer F. Shamkhi
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Ameer F. Shamkhi wrote the main manuscript text, and Hashim Jabbar reviewed the manuscript.

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Correspondence to Ameer F. Shamkhi.

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Shamkhi, A.F., Jabbar, H. Effect of Cobalt Ion Concentration and Thermal Annealing Temperature on Structural and Magnetic Properties of CoFe2O4 Nanoparticles. Plasmonics (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11468-024-02279-4

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