Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Discussion of the “warming and wetting” trend and its future variation in the drylands of Northwest China under global warming

  • Article
  • Published:
Science China Earth Sciences Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Since Shi et al. proposed that the climate in the drylands of Northwest China experienced a significant transition from a “warming and drying” trend to a “warming and wetting” trend in the 1980s, researchers have conducted numerous studies on the variations in precipitation and humidity in the region and even in arid Central Asia. In particular, the process of the “warming and wetting” trend by using obtained measurement data received much attention. However, there remain uncertainties about whether the “warming and wetting” trend has paused and what its future variations may be. In this study, we examined the spatiotemporal variations in temperature, precipitation, the aridity index (AI), vegetation, and runoff during 1950–2019. The results showed that the climate in the drylands of Northwest China and the northern Tibetan Plateau is persistently warming and wetting since the 1980s, with an acceleration since the 1990s. The precipitation/humidity variations in North China, which are mainly influenced by summer monsoon, are generally opposite to those in the drylands of Northwest China. This reverse change is mainly controlled by an anomalous anticyclone over Mongolia, which leads to an anomalous easterly wind, reduced water vapor output, and increased precipitation in the drylands of Northwest China. While it also causes an anomalous descending motion, increased water vapor divergence, and decreased precipitation in North China. Precipitation is the primary controlling factor of humidity, which ultimately forms the spatiotemporal pattern of the “westerlies-dominated climatic regime” of antiphase precipitation/humidity variations between the drylands of Northwest China and monsoonal region of North China. The primary reasons behind the debate of the “warming and wetting” trend in Northwest China were due to the use of different time series lengths, regional ranges, and humidity indices in previous analyses. Since the EC-Earth3 has a good performance for simulating precipitation and humidity in Northwest and North China. By using its simulated results, we found a wetting trend in the drylands of Northwest China under low emission scenarios, but the climate will gradually transition to a “warming and drying” trend as emissions increase. This study suggests that moderate warming can be beneficial for improving the ecological environment in the drylands of Northwest China, while precipitation and humidity in monsoon-dominated North China will persistently increase under scenarios of increased emissions.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Allen R G, Pereira L S, Raes D, Smith M. 1998. Crop evapotranspiration-Guidelines for computing crop water requirements-FAO Irrigation and drainage paper 56. FAO, Rome, 300: D05109

    Google Scholar 

  • Becker A, Finger P, Meyer-Christoffer A, Rudolf B, Schamm K, Schneider U, Ziese M. 2013. A description of the global land-surface precipitation data products of the Global Precipitation Climatology Centre with sample applications including centennial (trend) analysis from 1901—present. Earth Syst Sci Data, 5: 71–99

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Chen C, Park T, Wang X, Piao S, Xu B, Chaturvedi R K, Fuchs R, Brovkin V, Ciais P, Fensholt R, Tømmervik H, Bala G, Zhu Z, Nemani R R, Myneni R B. 2019. China and India lead in greening of the world through land-use management. Nat Sust, 2: 122–129

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Chen C, Zhang X, Lu H, Jin L, Du Y, Chen F. 2021. Increasing summer precipitation in arid central Asia linked to the weakening of the East Asian summer monsoon in the recent decades. Int J Climatol, 41: 1024–1038

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Chen F, Yu Z, Yang M, Ito E, Wang S, Madsen D B, Huang X, Zhao Y, Sato T, John B, Birks H, Boomer I, Chen J, An C, Wünnemann B. 2008. Holocene moisture evolution in arid central Asia and its out-of-phase relationship with Asian monsoon history. Quat Sci Rev, 27: 351–364

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Chen F H, Chen J H, Huang W. 2009. A discussion on the “westerly-dominated climate model” in mid-latitude Asia during the modern interglacial period (in Chinese). Earth Sci Front, 16: 23–32

    Google Scholar 

  • Chen F H, Chen J H, Holmes J, Boomer I, Austin P, Gates J B, Wang N L, Brooks S J, Zhang J W. 2010. Moisture changes over the last millennium in arid central Asia: A review, synthesis and comparison with monsoon region. Quat Sci Rev, 29: 1055–1068

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Chen F H, Huang W, Jin L Y, Chen J H, Wang J S. 2011. Spatiotemporal precipitation variations in the arid Central Asia in the context of global warming. Sci China Earth Sci, 54: 1812–1821

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Chen F, Jia J, Chen J, Li G, Zhang X, Xie H, Xia D, Huang W, An C. 2016. A persistent Holocene wetting trend in arid central Asia, with wettest conditions in the late Holocene, revealed by multi-proxy analyses of loess-paleosol sequences in Xinjiang, China. Quat Sci Rev, 146: 134–146

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Chen F, Chen J, Huang W, Chen S, Huang X, Jin L, Jia J, Zhang X, An C, Zhang J, Zhao Y, Yu Z, Zhang R, Liu J, Zhou A, Feng S. 2019. Westerlies Asia and monsoonal Asia: Spatiotemporal differences in climate change and possible mechanisms on decadal to sub-orbital timescales. Earth-Sci Rev, 192: 337–354

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Chen F, Chen J, Huang W. 2021. Weakened East Asian summer monsoon triggers increased precipitation in Northwest China. Sci China Earth Sci, 64: 835–837

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Chen J, Huang W, Jin L Y, Chen J H, Chen S Q, Chen F H. 2018. A climatological northern boundary index for the East Asian summer monsoon and its interannual variability. Sci China Earth Sci, 61: 13–22

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Chen J, Huang W, Feng S, Zhang Q, Kuang X Y, Chen J H, Chen F H. 2020a. The modulation of westerlies-monsoon interaction on climate over the monsoon boundary zone in East Asia. Int J Climatol, 41: E3049–E3064

    Google Scholar 

  • Chen J, Huang W, Zhang Q, Feng S. 2020b. Origin of the spatial consistency of summer precipitation variability between the Mongolian Plateau and the mid-latitude East Asian summer monsoon region. Sci China Earth Sci, 63: 1199–1208

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Chen J, Zhang Q, Huang W, Lu Z, Zhang Z, Chen F. 2021. Northwestward shift of the northern boundary of the East Asian summer monsoon during the mid-Holocene caused by orbital forcing and vegetation feedbacks. Quat Sci Rev, 268: 107136

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Chen X. 2010. Physical Geography of Arid Land in China (in Chinese). Beijing: Science Press

    Google Scholar 

  • Coumou D, Di Capua G, Vavrus S, Wang L, Wang S. 2018. The influence of Arctic amplification on mid-latitude summer circulation. Nat Commun, 9: 2959

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dai A. 2013. Increasing drought under global warming in observations and models. Nat Clim Change, 3: 52–58

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ding Q, Wang B. 2005. Circumglobal teleconnection in the Northern Hemisphere summer. J Clim, 18: 3483–3505

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Feng S, Fu Q. 2013. Expansion of global drylands under a warming climate. Atmos Chem Phys, 13: 10081–10094

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Feng S, Trnka M, Hayes M, Zhang Y. 2017. Why do different drought indices show distinct future drought risk outcomes in the US Great Plains? J Clim, 30: 265–278

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fu G, Yu J, Yu X, Ouyang R, Zhang Y, Wang P, Liu W, Min L. 2013. Temporal variation of extreme rainfall events in China, 1961–2009. J Hydrol, 487: 48–59

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fu Q, Lin L, Huang J, Feng S, Gettelman A. 2016. Changes in terrestrial aridity for the period 850–2080 from the community earth system model. J Geophys Res Atmos, 121: 2857–2873

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Guo H, Bao A, Chen T, Zheng G, Wang Y, Jiang L, De Maeyer P. 2021. Assessment of CMIP6 in simulating precipitation over arid Central Asia. Atmos Res, 252: 105451

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Harris I, Osborn T J, Jones P, Lister D. 2020. Version 4 of the CRU TS monthly high-resolution gridded multivariate climate dataset. Sci Data, 7: 109

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Holton J R. 2004. An Introduction to Dynamic Meteorology. 4th ed. Burlington: Elsevier Academic Press. 535

    Google Scholar 

  • Hu Z, Zhou Q, Chen X, Li J, Li Q, Chen D, Liu W, Yin G. 2018. Evaluation of three global gridded precipitation data sets in central Asia based on rain gauge observations. Int J Climatol, 38: 3475–3493

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hua L, Zhong L, Ma Z. 2017. Decadal transition of moisture sources and transport in northwestern China during summer from 1982 to 2010. J Geophys Res Atmos, 122: 12,522–12,540

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Huang J, Yu H, Guan X, Wang G, Guo R. 2016. Accelerated dryland expansion under climate change. Nat Clim Change, 6: 166–171

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Huang L X, Chen J, Yang K, Yang Y J, Huang W, Zhang X, Chen F H. 2023. The northern boundary of the Asian summer monsoon and division of westerlies and monsoon regimes over the Tibetan Plateau in present-day. Sci China Earth Sci, 66: 882–893, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11430-022-1086-1

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Huang W, Chen J H, Zhang X J, Feng S, Chen F H. 2015. Definition of the core zone of the “westerlies-dominated climatic regime”, and its controlling factors during the instrumental period. Sci China Earth Sci, 58: 676–684

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Huang W, Liu C, Cao J, Chen J, Feng S. 2020. Changes of hydroclimatic patterns in China in the present day and future. Sci Bull, 65: 1061–1063

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Huang Y Y, Li X F. 2015. The interdecadal variation of the western pacific subtropical high as measured by 500hPa eddy geopotential height. Atmos Ocean Sci Lett, 8: 371–375

    Google Scholar 

  • Hulme M, Marsh R, Jones P D. 1992. Global changes in a humidity index between 1931–60 and 1961–90. Clim Res, 2: 1–22

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • IPCC. 2021. The Physical Science Basis: Working Group I Contribution to the Sixth Assessment Report of the IPCC. London: Cambridge University Press

    Google Scholar 

  • Jia K, Yang L, Liang S, Xiao Z, Zhao X, Yao Y, Zhang X, Jiang B, Liu D. 2019. Long-term global land surface satellite (GLASS) fractional vegetation cover product derived from MODIS and AVHRR data. IEEE J Sel Top Appl Earth Observations Remote Sens, 12: 508–518

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jiang J, Zhou T, Chen X, Zhang L. 2020. Future changes in precipitation over Central Asia based on CMIP6 projections. Environ Res Lett, 15: 054009

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Koutroulis A G. 2019. Dryland changes under different levels of global warming. Sci Total Environ, 655: 482–511

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Li C, Fu B, Wang S, Stringer L C, Wang Y, Li Z, Liu Y, Zhou W. 2021. Drivers and impacts of changes in China’s drylands. Nat Rev Earth Environ, 2: 858–873

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Li J, Gou X, Cook E R, Chen F. 2006. Tree-ring based drought reconstruction for the central Tien Shan area in northwest China. Geophys Res Lett, 33: L07715

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Li M, Ma Z. 2018. Decadal changes in summer precipitation over arid northwest China and associated atmospheric circulations. Int J Climatol, 38: 4496–4508

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lian X, Piao S, Chen A, Huntingford C, Fu B, Li L Z X, Huang J, Sheffield J, Berg A M, Keenan T F, McVicar T R, Wada Y, Wang X, Wang T, Yang Y, Roderick M L. 2021. Multifaceted characteristics of dryland aridity changes in a warming world. Nat Rev Earth Environ, 2: 232–250

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Liang B, Liu S, Qu Y, Zhou G, He X. 2016. Changes in the Amazon rainforest from 1982 to 2012 using GLASS LAI data. J Remote Sens, 20: 149–156

    Google Scholar 

  • Liu C, Huang W, Feng S, Chen J, Zhou A. 2018. Spatiotemporal variations of aridity in China during 1961–2015: Decomposition and attribution. Sci Bull, 63: 1187–1199

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Liu Z B, Huang Y, Liu T, Bao A M, Feng X W, Xing W, Duan Y C, Guo C Y. 2020. Climate response of runoff variation in the source area of the Kaidu River (in Chinese). Arid Zone Res, 37: 418–427

    Google Scholar 

  • Ma Z G, Fu C B. 2007. Global aridification in the second half of the 20th century and its relationship to large-scale climate background. Sci China Ser D-Earth Sci, 50: 776–788

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ma Z G, Fu C B, Yang Q, Zheng Z Y, Lv M X, Li M X, Duan Y W, Chen L. 2018. Drying trend in northern China and its shift during 1951–2016 (in Chinese). Chin J Atmos Sci, 42: 951–961

    Google Scholar 

  • Milly P C D, Dunne K A. 2016. Potential evapotranspiration and continental drying. Nat Clim Change, 6: 946–949

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Palmer W C. 1965. Meteorological Drought Research Paper 45. Washington D C: US Weather Bureau

    Google Scholar 

  • Park C E, Jeong S J, Ho C H, Park H, Piao S, Kim J, Feng S. 2017. Dominance of climate warming effects on recent drying trends over wet monsoon regions. Atmos Chem Phys, 17: 10467–10476

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Piao J, Chen W, Wei K, Liu Y, Graf H F, Ahn J B, Pogoreltsev A. 2017. An abrupt rainfall decrease over the Asian inland plateau region around 1999 and the possible underlying mechanism. Adv Atmos Sci, 34: 456–468

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Qian Z A, Wu T W, Song M H, Ma X B, Cai Y, Liang X Y. 2001. Arid disaster and advances in arid climate researches over northwest China (in Chinese). Adv Earth Sci, 16: 28–38

    Google Scholar 

  • Qin J, Su B, Tao H, Wang Y, Huang J, Li Z, Jiang T. 2021. Spatio-temporal variations of dryness/wetness over Northwest China under different SSPs-RCPs. Atmos Res, 259: 105672

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Schneider U, Becker A, Finger P, Rustemeier E, Ziese M. 2020. GPCC Full Data Monthly Product Version 2020 at 0.5°: Monthly Land-Surface Precipitation from Rain-Gauges built on GTS-based and Historical Data [DB/OL]

  • Shang H M, Zhang R B, Wei W S, Mao W Y, Fan Y T, Chen F, Zhang K. 2018. Streamflow reconstruction and its variation of Qingshui River from southern slope of Tianshan mountains (in Chinese). Bull Soil Water Conserv, 38: 27–33

    Google Scholar 

  • Sherwood S, Fu Q. 2014. A drier future? Science, 343: 737–739

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Shi Y F, Shen Y P, Hu R J. 2002. Preliminary study on signal, impact and foreground of climatic shift from warm-dry to warm-humid in Northwest China (in Chinese). J Glaciol Geocryol, 24: 219–226

    Google Scholar 

  • Shi Y F, Shen Y P, Li D L, Zhang G W, Ding Y J, Hu R J, Kang E S. 2003. Discussion on the present climate change from warm-dry to warm-wet in Northwest China (in Chinese). Quat Sci, 23: 152–164

    Google Scholar 

  • Shi Y, Shen Y, Kang E, Li D, Ding Y, Zhang G, Hu R. 2007. Recent and future climate change in northwest China. Clim Change, 80: 379–393

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sun Q, Miao C, Duan Q, Kong D, Ye A, Di Z, Gong W. 2014. Would the ‘real’ observed dataset stand up? A critical examination of eight observed gridded climate datasets for China. Environ Res Lett, 9: 015001

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sun S, Ying M. 1999. Subtropical high anomalies over the western Pacific and its relations to the Asian monsoon and SST anomaly. Adv Atmos Sci, 16: 559–568

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sun X, Li S, Hong X, Lu R. 2019. Simulated influence of the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation on summer Eurasian nonuniform warming since the mid-1990s. Adv Atmos Sci, 36: 811–822

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sun Z Q, Xiang J, Guan Y P. 2016. Strengthening of the Pacific Walker Circulation in the recent decades (in Chinese). J Trop Oceanogr, 35: 19–29

    Google Scholar 

  • Vicente-Serrano S M, Beguería S, López-Moreno J I, Angulo M, El Kenawy A. 2010. A new global 0.5° gridded dataset (1901–2006) of a multiscalar drought index: Comparison with current drought index datasets based on the Palmer drought severity index. J Hydrometeorol, 11: 1033–1043

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wang D, Wang A H. 2017. Applicability assessment of GPCC and CRU precipitation products in China during 1901 to 2013 (in Chinese). Clim Environ Res, 22: 446–462

    Google Scholar 

  • Wang Q, Zhai P M, Qin D H. 2020. New perspectives on ‘warming–wetting’ trend in Xinjiang, China. Adv Clim Change Res, 11: 252–260

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wang X, Ge Q, Geng X, Wang Z, Gao L, Bryan B A, Chen S, Su Y, Cai D, Ye J, Sun J, Lu H, Che H, Cheng H, Liu H, Liu B, Dong Z, Cao S, Hua T, Chen S, Sun F, Luo G, Wang Z, Hu S, Xu D, Chen M, Li D, Liu F, Xu X, Han D, Zheng Y, Xiao F, Li X, Wang P, Chen F. 2023. Unintended consequences of combating desertification in China. Nat Commun, 14: 1139

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wang X J, Qin D H. 2017. Influence of climate change and human activity on water resources in arid region of Northwest China: An overview (in Chinese). Clim Change Res, 13: 483–498

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wu L, Wang C. 2015. Has the Western Pacific subtropical high extended westward since the late 1970s? J Clim, 28: 5406–5413

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wu P, Ding Y, Liu Y, Li X. 2019. The characteristics of moisture recycling and its impact on regional precipitation against the background of climate warming over Northwest China. Int J Climatol, 39: 5241–5255

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wu P, Liu Y, Ding Y, Li X, Wang J. 2022. Modulation of sea surface temperature over the North Atlantic and Indian-Pacific warm pool on interdecadal change of summer precipitation over northwest China. Intl J Clim, 42: 8526–8538

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wu Q Y, Li Q Q, Ding Y H, Shen X Y, Zhao M C, Zhu Y X. 2022. Asian summer monsoon responses to the change of land–sea thermodynamic contrast in a warming climate: CMIP6 projections. Adv Clim Change Res, 13: 205–217

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Xu X, Du Y, Tang J, Wang Y. 2011. Variations of temperature and precipitation extremes in recent two decades over China. Atmos Res, 101: 143–154

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Yang J, Zhang Q, Lu G, Liu X, Wang Y, Wang D, Liu W, Yue P, Zhu B, Duan X. 2021. Climate transition from warm-dry to warm-wet in eastern Northwest China. Atmosphere, 12: 548

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Yang Q, Li M X, Zheng Z Y, Ma Z G. 2017. Regional applicability of seven meteorological drought indices in China. Sci China Earth Sci, 60: 745–760

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Yang Y, Roderick M L, Zhang S, McVicar T R, Donohue R J. 2019. Hydrologic implications of vegetation response to elevated CO2 in climate projections. Nat Clim Change, 9: 44–48

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Yao J Q, Yang Q, Liu Z H, Li C Z. 2015. Spatio-temporal change of precipitation in arid region of the Northwest China (in Chinese). Acta Ecologica Sinica, 35: 5846–5855

    Google Scholar 

  • Yao J Q, Mao W Y, Chen J, Dilinuer T. 2021. Signal and impact of wet-to-dry shift over Xinjiang, China (in Chinese). Acta Geographica Sinica, 76: 57–72

    Google Scholar 

  • Zhang Q, Lin J, Liu W, Han L. 2019. Precipitation seesaw phenomenon and its formation mechanism in the eastern and western parts of Northwest China during the flood season. Sci China Earth Sci, 62: 2083–2098

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zhang Q, Yang J, Wang W, Ma P, Lu G, Liu X, Yu H, Fang F. 2021a. Climatic warming and humidification in the arid region of Northwest China: Multi-scale characteristics and impacts on ecological vegetation. J Meteorol Res, 35: 113–127

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zhang Q, Zhu B, Yang J, Ma P, Liu X, Lu G, Wang Y, Yu H, Liu W, Wang D. 2021b. New characteristics about the climate humidification trend in Northwest China (in Chinese). Chin Sci Bull, 66: 3757–3771

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zhang Q, Yang J, Duan X, Ma P, Lu G, Zhu B, Liu X, Yue P, Wang Y, Liu W. 2022a. The eastward expansion of the climate humidification trend in northwest China and the synergistic influences on the circulation mechanism. Clim Dyn, 59: 2481–2497

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zhang Q, Yang J, Wang P, Yu H, Yue P, Liu X, Lin J, Duan X, Zhu B, Yan X. 2022b. Progress and prospect on climate warming and humidification in Northwest China (in Chinese). Chin Sci Bull, 68: 1814–1828

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zhang R, Zhang T, Kelgenbayev N, He Q, Maisupova B, Mambetov B T, Chen F, Dosmanbetov D, Shang H, Yu S, Yuan Y. 2017. A 189-year tree-ring record of drought for the Dzungarian Alatau, arid Central Asia. J Asian Earth Sci, 148: 305–314

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zhao D, Zhang L, Zhou T. 2022. Detectable anthropogenic forcing on the long-term changes of summer precipitation over the Tibetan Plateau. Clim Dyn, 59: 1939–1952

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zhong L, Hua L, Yao Y, Feng J. 2021. Interdecadal aridity variations in Central Asia during 1950–2016 regulated by oceanic conditions under the background of global warming. Clim Dyn, 56: 3665–3686

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zhou T, Yu R, Zhang J, Drange H, Cassou C, Deser C, Hodson D L R, Sanchez-Gomez E, Li J, Keenlyside N, Xin X, Okumura Y. 2009. Why the western Pacific subtropical high has extended westward since the late 1970s. J Clim, 22: 2199–2215

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zhu X, Lee S Y, Wen X, Ji Z, Lin L, Wei Z, Zheng Z, Xu D, Dong W. 2021. Extreme climate changes over three major river basins in China as seen in CMIP5 and CMIP6. Clim Dyn, 57: 1187–1205

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

We thank the anonymous reviewers for their constructive comments, which have led to significant improvements to the manuscript. We also thank Drs. Zhuguo Ma and Tao Wang for valuable suggestions. This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 41988101 & 42101149) and the National Key Research and Development Program of China (Grant No. 2018YFA0606404).

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Group of Alpine Paleoecology and Human Adaptation (ALPHA), State Key Laboratory of Tibetan Plateau Earth System, Environment and Resources (TPESER), Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research (ITPCAS), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing, 100101, China

    Fahu Chen, Tingting Xie & Shengqian Chen

  2. Key Laboratory of Western China’s Environmental Systems (Ministry of Education), College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China

    Fahu Chen, Tingting Xie, Yujie Yang, Wei Huang & Jie Chen

  3. Yunnan Key Laboratory of International Rivers and Transboundary Eco-Security, Institute of International Rivers and Eco-Security, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650500, China

    Feng Chen

  4. Key Laboratory of Tree-Ring Physical and Chemical Research of the Chinese Meteorological Administration, Xinjiang Laboratory of Tree-Ring Ecology, Institute of Desert Meteorology, Chinese Meteorological Administration, Urumqi, 830002, China

    Feng Chen

  5. College of Atmospheric Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China

    Jie Chen

Authors
  1. Fahu Chen
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Tingting Xie
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Yujie Yang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Shengqian Chen
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Feng Chen
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. Wei Huang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  7. Jie Chen
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding authors

Correspondence to Fahu Chen or Jie Chen.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Chen, F., Xie, T., Yang, Y. et al. Discussion of the “warming and wetting” trend and its future variation in the drylands of Northwest China under global warming. Sci. China Earth Sci. 66, 1241–1257 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11430-022-1098-x

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11430-022-1098-x

Keywords

Search

Navigation