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Constraint of satellite CO2 retrieval on the global carbon cycle from a Chinese atmospheric inversion system

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Abstract

Satellite carbon dioxide (CO2) retrievals provide important constraints on surface carbon fluxes in regions that are undersampled by global in situ networks. In this study, we developed an atmospheric inversion system to infer CO2 sources and sinks from Orbiting Carbon Observatory-2 (OCO-2) column CO2 retrievals during 2015–2019, and compared our estimates to five other state-of-the-art inversions. By assimilating satellite CO2 retrievals in the inversion, the global net terrestrial carbon sink (net biome productivity, NBP) was found to be 1.03±0.39 petagrams of carbon per year (PgC yr−1); this estimate is lower than the sink estimate of 1.46–2.52 PgC yr−1, obtained using surface-based inversions. We estimated a weak northern uptake of 1.30 PgC yr−1 and weak tropical release of −0.26 PgC yr−1, consistent with previous reports. By contrast, the other inversions showed a strong northern uptake (1.44–2.78 PgC yr−1), but diverging tropical carbon fluxes, from a sink of 0.77 PgC yr−1 to a source of −1.26 PgC yr−1. During the 2015–2016 El Niño event, the tropical land biosphere was mainly responsible for a higher global CO2 growth rate. Anomalously high carbon uptake in the northern extratropics, consistent with concurrent extreme Northern Hemisphere greening, partially offset the tropical carbon losses. This anomalously high carbon uptake was not always found in surface-based inversions, resulting in a larger global carbon release in the other inversions. Thus, our satellite constraint refines the current understanding of flux partitioning between northern and tropical terrestrial regions, and suggests that the northern extratropics acted as anomalous high CO2 sinks in response to the 2015–2016 El Niño event.

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Acknowledgements

The authors acknowledge all of the atmospheric inversion data provided by the Carbon Monitoring System, CarbonTracker Europe, Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service, Model for Interdisciplinary Research on Climate, and Jena CarboScope that were used in this study. OCO-2 data were provided by the Atmospheric CO2Observations from Space (ACOS)/OCO-2 project at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, and can be obtained from the data archive at the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Goddard Earth Science Data and Information Services Center. The authors are also grateful for access to the ODIAC2020 dataset, which was provided by the Center for Global Environmental Research, National Institute for Environmental Studies. This work was supported by the Second Tibetan Plateau Scientific Expedition and Research Program (2022QZKK0101) and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos.41975140 & 42105150).

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  1. State Key Laboratory of Tibetan Plateau Earth System and Resource Environment, Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China

    Zhe Jin, Tao Wang, Yilong Wang, Jinzhi Ding & Xiangjun Tian

  2. International Center for Climate and Environment Sciences, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100029, China

    Hongqin Zhang

  3. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China

    Zhe Jin, Tao Wang, Hongqin Zhang, Yilong Wang, Jinzhi Ding & Xiangjun Tian

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  1. Zhe Jin
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Jin, Z., Wang, T., Zhang, H. et al. Constraint of satellite CO2 retrieval on the global carbon cycle from a Chinese atmospheric inversion system. Sci. China Earth Sci. 66, 609–618 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11430-022-1036-7

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