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Ultradeep diamonds originate from deep subducted sedimentary carbonates

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Abstract

Diamonds are renowned as the record of Earth’s evolution history. Natural diamonds on the Earth can be distinguished in light of genetic types as kimberlitic diamonds (including peridotitic diamonds and eclogitic diamonds), ultrahigh-pressure metamorphic diamonds and ophiolitic diamonds. According to the inclusion mineralogy, most diamonds originated from continental lithospheric mantle at depths of 140–250 km. Several localities, however, yield ultradeep diamonds with inclusion compositions that require a sublithospheric origin (>~250 km). Ultradeep diamonds exhibit distinctions in terms of carbon isotope composition, N-concentration, mineral inclusions and so on. The present study provides a systematic compilation concerning the features of ultradeep diamonds, based on which to expound their genesis affinity with mantle-carbonate melts. The diamond-parental carbonate melts are proposed to be stemmed from the Earth’s crust through subduction of oceanic lithosphere. Ultradeep diamonds are classified into a subgroup attaching to kimberlitic diamonds grounded by formation mechanism, and present connections in respect of carbon origin to eclogitic diamonds, ultrahigh-pressure metamorphic diamonds and ophiolitic diamonds.

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Acknowledgements

The authors thank two anonymous reviewers, who put forward constructive comments to help improve the manuscript. This work was supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. U1232204 & 41473056).

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  1. Key Laboratory of Orogenic Belts and Crustal Evolution, Ministry of Education, School of Earth and Space Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China

    Jing Gao, JingJing Niu, Shan Qin & Xiang Wu

  2. State Key Laboratory of Geological Processes and Mineral Resources, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, China

    Xiang Wu

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Gao, J., Niu, J., Qin, S. et al. Ultradeep diamonds originate from deep subducted sedimentary carbonates. Sci. China Earth Sci. 60, 207–217 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11430-016-5151-4

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