Abstract
To date, copper-based catalysts are one of the most prominent catalysts that can electrochemically reduce CO2 towards high-value fuels or chemicals, such as ethylene, ethanol, acetic acid. However, the chemically active feature of Cu-based catalysts hinders the understanding of the intrinsic catalytic active sites during the initial and the operative processes of electrochemical CO2 reduction (CO2RR). The identification and engineering of active sites during the dynamic evolution of catalysts are thereby vital to further improve the activity, selectivity, and durability of Cu-based catalysts for high-performance CO2RR. In this regard, four triggers for the dynamic evolution of catalysts were introduced in detail. Afterward, three typical active-site theories during the dynamic reconstruction of catalysts were discussed. In addition, the strategies in catalyst design were summarized according to the latest reports of Cu-based catalysts for CO2RR, including the tuning of electronic structure, controlling of the external potential, and regulation of local catalytic environment. Finally, the conclusions and perspectives were provided to inspire more investigations and studies on the intrinsic active sites during the dynamic evolution of catalysts, which could promote the optimization of the catalyst system to further improve the performance of CO2RR.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Dattila F, Seemakurthi RR, Zhou Y, López N. Chem Rev, 2022, 122: 11085–11130
Huang Y, Wang Y, Wu Y, Yu Y, Zhang B. Sci China Chem, 2021, 65: 204–206
Hori Y. Electrochemical CO2 Reduction on Metal Electrodes. New York: Springer, 2008. Chapter 3, 89–189
Lu L, Sun X, Ma J, Zhu Q, Wu C, Yang D, Han B. Sci China Chem, 2018, 61: 228–235
Hu C, Zhang L, Li L, Zhu W, Deng W, Dong H, Zhao ZJ, Gong J. Sci China Chem, 2019, 62: 1030–1036
Ren X, Liu S, Li H, Ding J, Liu L, Kuang Z, Li L, Yang H, Bai F, Huang Y, Zhang T, Liu B. Sci China Chem, 2020, 63: 1727–1733
Li QX, Si DH, Lin W, Wang YB, Zhu HJ, Huang YB, Cao R. Sci China Chem, 2022, 65: 1584–1593
Kuhl KP, Cave ER, Abram DN, Jaramillo TF. Energy Environ Sci, 2012, 5: 7050–7059
Wen G, Ren B, Zheng Y, Li M, Silva C, Song S, Zhang Z, Dou H, Zhao L, Luo D, Yu A, Chen Z. Adv Energy Mater, 2021, 12: 2103289
Chen J, Wang L. Adv Mater, 2022, 34: 2103900
He C, Chen S, Long R, Song L, Xiong Y. Sci China Chem, 2020, 63: 1721–1726
Rossi K, Buonsanti R. Acc Chem Res, 2022, 55: 629–637
Wang J, Tan HY, Zhu Y, Chu H, Chen HM. Angew Chem Int Ed, 2021, 60: 17254–17267
Tabassum H, Yang X, Zou R, Wu G. Chem Catal, 2022, 2: 1561–1593
Liu C, Gong J, Gao Z, Xiao L, Wang G, Lu J, Zhuang L. Sci China Chem, 2021, 64: 1660–1678
Popović S, Smiljanić M, Jovanovič P, Vavra J, Buonsanti R, Hodnik N. Angew Chem Int Ed, 2020, 59: 14736–14746
Hori Y, Takahashi I, Koga O, Hoshi N. J Phys Chem B, 2002, 106: 15–17
Hori Y, Takahashi I, Koga O, Hoshi N. J Mol Catal A-Chem, 2003, 199: 39–47
Eren B, Zherebetskyy D, Patera LL, Wu CH, Bluhm H, Africh C, Wang LW, Somorjai GA, Salmeron M. Science, 2016, 351: 475–478
Huang J, Hörmann N, Oveisi E, Loiudice A, De Gregorio GL, Andreussi O, Marzari N, Buonsanti R. Nat Commun, 2018, 9: 3117
Mistry H, Varela AS, Bonifacio CS, Zegkinoglou I, Sinev I, Choi YW, Kisslinger K, Stach EA, Yang JC, Strasser P, Cuenya BR. Nat Commun, 2016, 7: 12123
Mariano RG, McKelvey K, White HS, Kanan MW. Science, 2017, 358: 1187–1192
Zhu C, Zhang Z, Zhong L, Hsu CS, Xu X, Li Y, Zhao S, Chen S, Yu J, Chen S, Wu M, Gao P, Li S, Chen HM, Liu K, Zhang L. Chem, 2021, 7: 406–420
Tamilmani S, Huang W, Raghavan S, Small R. J Electrochem Soc, 2002, 149: G638
Zhao S, Yang Y, Tang Z. Angew Chem Int Ed, 2022, 61: e202110186
Zhu C, Zhao S, Shi G, Zhang L. ChemSusChem, 2022, 15: e202200068
Wagner A, Sahm CD, Reisner E. Nat Catal, 2020, 3: 775–786
Deng B, Huang M, Zhao X, Mou S, Dong F. ACS Catal, 2022, 12: 331–362
Wei P, Li H, Lin L, Gao D, Zhang X, Gong H, Qing G, Cai R, Wang G, Bao X. Sci China Chem, 2020, 63: 1711–1715
Luo T, Liu K, Fu J, Chen S, Li H, Hu J, Liu M. J Energy Chem, 2022, 70: 219–223
Pang Y, Li J, Wang Z, Tan CS, Hsieh PL, Zhuang TT, Liang ZQ, Zou C, Wang X, De Luna P, Edwards JP, Xu Y, Li F, Dinh CT, Zhong M, Lou Y, Wu D, Chen LJ, Sargent EH, Sinton D. Nat Catal, 2019, 2: 251–258
Liu W, Zhai P, Li A, Wei B, Si K, Wei Y, Wang X, Zhu G, Chen Q, Gu X, Zhang R, Zhou W, Gong Y. Nat Commun, 2022, 13: 1877
Jiang S, D’Amario L, Dau H. ChemSusChem, 2022, 15: e202102506
Mu S, Lu H, Wu Q, Li L, Zhao R, Long C, Cui C. Nat Commun, 2022, 13: 3694
Wang W, Duan J, Liu Y, Zhai T. Adv Mater, 2022, 34: 2110699
Lai W, Ma Z, Zhang J, Yuan Y, Qiao Y, Huang H. Adv Funct Mater, 2022, 32: 2111193
Vavra J, Shen TH, Stoian D, Tileli V, Buonsanti R. Angew Chem Int Ed, 2021, 60: 1347–1354
Chen C, Yan X, Wu Y, Liu S, Sun X, Zhu Q, Feng R, Wu T, Qian Q, Liu H, Zheng L, Zhang J, Han B. Chem Sci, 2021, 12: 5938–5943
Popovic S, Bele M, Hodnik N. ChemElectroChem, 2021, 8: 2634–2639
Raaijman SJ, Arulmozhi N, Koper MTM. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces, 2021, 13: 48730–48744
Chang CJ, Hung SF, Hsu CS, Chen HC, Lin SC, Liao YF, Chen HM. ACS Cent Sci, 2019, 5: 1998–2009
Lum Y, Ager JW. Angew Chem Int Ed, 2018, 57: 551–554
Chang CJ, Lin SC, Chen HC, Wang J, Zheng KJ, Zhu Y, Chen HM. J Am Chem Soc, 2020, 142: 12119–12132
Zhang W, Huang C, Xiao Q, Yu L, Shuai L, An P, Zhang J, Qiu M, Ren Z, Yu Y. J Am Chem Soc, 2020, 142: 11417–11427
Wang HY, Soldemo M, Degerman D, Lömker P, Schlueter C, Nilsson A, Amann P. Angew Chem Int Ed, 2022, 61: e202111021
Weatherup RS, Wu CH, Escudero C, Pérez-Dieste V, Salmeron MB. J Phys Chem B, 2018, 122: 737–744
Yang Y, Roh I, Louisia S, Chen C, Jin J, Yu S, Salmeron MB, Wang C, Yang P. J Am Chem Soc, 2022, 144: 8927–8931
Kim YG, Baricuatro JH, Javier A, Gregoire JM, Soriaga MP. Langmuir, 2014, 30: 15053–15056
Kim YG, Javier A, Baricuatro JH, Torelli D, Cummins KD, Tsang CF, Hemminger JC, Soriaga MP. J Electroanal Chem, 2016, 780: 290–295
Baricuatro JH, Kim YG, Tsang CF, Javier AC, Cummins KD, Hemminger JC. J Electroanal Chem, 2020, 857: 113704
Park JC, Kim J, Kwon H, Song H. Adv Mater, 2009, 21: 803–807
Zhao Y, Chang X, Malkani AS, Yang X, Thompson L, Jiao F, Xu B. J Am Chem Soc, 2020, 142: 9735–9743
De Luna P, Quintero-Bermudez R, Dinh CT, Ross MB, Bushuyev OS, Todorović P, Regier T, Kelley SO, Yang P, Sargent EH. Nat Catal, 2018, 1: 103–110
Simon GH, Kley CS, Roldan Cuenya B. Angew Chem Int Ed, 2021, 60: 2561–2568
Li F, Thevenon A, Rosas-Hernández A, Wang Z, Li Y, Gabardo CM, Ozden A, Dinh CT, Li J, Wang Y, Edwards JP, Xu Y, McCallum C, Tao L, Liang ZQ, Luo M, Wang X, Li H, O’Brien CP, Tan CS, Nam DH, Quintero-Bermudez R, Zhuang TT, Li YC, Han Z, Britt RD, Sinton D, Agapie T, Peters JC, Sargent EH. Nature, 2020, 577: 509–513
Eren B, Zherebetskyy D, Hao Y, Patera LL, Wang LW, Somorjai GA, Salmeron M. Surf Sci, 2016, 651: 210–214
Baricuatro JH, Kim YG, Korzeniewski CL, Soriaga MP. Electrochem Commun, 2018, 91: 1–4
Auer A, Andersen M, Wernig EM, Hörmann NG, Buller N, Reuter K, Kunze-Liebhäuser J. Nat Catal, 2020, 3: 797–803
Kwon S, Kim YG, Baricuatro JH, Goddard III WA. ACS Catal, 2021, 11: 12068–12074
Goodman ED, Schwalbe JA, Cargnello M. ACS Catal, 2017, 7: 7156–7173
Osowiecki WT, Nussbaum JJ, Kamat GA, Katsoukis G, Ledendecker M, Frei H, Bell AT, Alivisatos AP. ACS Appl Energy Mater, 2019, 2: 7744–7749
Fu Y, Xie Q, Wu L, Luo J. Chin J Catal, 2022, 43: 1066–1073
Zhang G, Zhao ZJ, Cheng D, Li H, Yu J, Wang Q, Gao H, Guo J, Wang H, Ozin GA, Wang T, Gong J. Nat Commun, 2021, 12: 5745
Li H, Yu P, Lei R, Yang F, Wen P, Ma X, Zeng G, Guo J, Toma FM, Qiu Y, Geyer SM, Wang X, Cheng T, Drisdell WS. Angew Chem Int Ed, 2021, 60: 24838–24843
Iyengar P, Kolb MJ, Pankhurst J, Calle-Vallejo F, Buonsanti R. ACS Catal, 2021, 11: 13330–13336
Liu B, Yao X, Zhang Z, Li C, Zhang J, Wang P, Zhao J, Guo Y, Sun J, Zhao C. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces, 2021, 13: 39165–39177
Chang CC, Ku MS. J Phys Chem C, 2021, 125: 10919–10925
Kim JY, Park W, Choi C, Kim G, Cho KM, Lim J, Kim SJ, Al-Saggaf A, Gereige I, Lee H, Jung WB, Jung Y, Jung HT. ACS Catal, 2021, 11: 5658–5665
Kim JY, Kim G, Won H, Gereige I, Jung WB, Jung HT. Adv Mater, 2022, 34: 2106028
Wahab OJ, Kang M, Daviddi E, Walker M, Unwin PR. ACS Catal, 2022, 12: 6578–6588
Song M, Jiao Z, Jing W, Liu Y, Guo L. J Phys Chem Lett, 2022, 13: 4434–4440
Cheng D, Zhao ZJ, Zhang G, Yang P, Li L, Gao H, Liu S, Chang X, Chen S, Wang T, Ozin GA, Liu Z, Gong J. Nat Commun, 2021, 12: 395
Deng B, Huang M, Li K, Zhao X, Geng Q, Chen S, Xie H, Dong X, Wang H, Dong F. Angew Chem Int Ed, 2022, 61: e202114080
Möller T, Scholten F, Thanh TN, Sinev I, Timoshenko J, Wang X, Jovanov Z, Gliech M, Roldan Cuenya B, Varela AS, Strasser P. Angew Chem Int Ed, 2020, 59: 17974–17983
Fu W, Liu Z, Wang T, Liang J, Duan S, Xie L, Han J, Li Q. ACS Sustain Chem Eng, 2020, 8: 15223–15229
Wu ZZ, Zhang XL, Niu ZZ, Gao FY, Yang PP, Chi LP, Shi L, Wei WS, Liu R, Chen Z, Hu S, Zheng X, Gao MR. J Am Chem Soc, 2022, 144: 259–269
Li CW, Kanan MW. J Am Chem Soc, 2012, 134: 7231–7234
Li CW, Ciston J, Kanan MW. Nature, 2014, 508: 504–507
Feng X, Jiang K, Fan S, Kanan MW. ACS Cent Sci, 2016, 2: 169–174
Verdaguer-Casadevall A, Li CW, Johansson TP, Scott SB, McKeown JT, Kumar M, Stephens IEL, Kanan MW, Chorkendorff I. J Am Chem Soc, 2015, 137: 9808–9811
Kim J, Choi W, Park JW, Kim C, Kim M, Song H. J Am Chem Soc, 2019, 141: 6986–6994
Jung H, Lee SY, Lee CW, Cho MK, Won DH, Kim C, Oh HS, Min BK, Hwang YJ. J Am Chem Soc, 2019, 141: 4624–4633
Lei Q, Zhu H, Song K, Wei N, Liu L, Zhang D, Yin J, Dong X, Yao K, Wang N, Li X, Davaasuren B, Wang J, Han Y. J Am Chem Soc, 2020, 142: 4213–4222
Li Y, Kim D, Louisia S, Xie C, Kong Q, Yu S, Lin T, Aloni S, Fakra SC, Yang P. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 2020, 117: 9194–9201
Cao L, Raciti D, Li C, Livi KJT, Rottmann PF, Hemker KJ, Mueller T, Wang C. ACS Catal, 2017, 7: 8578–8587
Lei Q, Huang L, Yin J, Davaasuren B, Yuan Y, Dong X, Wu ZP, Wang X, Yao KX, Lu X, Han Y. Nat Commun, 2022, 13: 4857
Velasco-Vélez JJ, Jones T, Gao D, Carbonio E, Arrigo R, Hsu CJ, Huang YC, Dong CL, Chen JM, Lee JF, Strasser P, Roldan Cuenya B, Schlögl R, Knop-Gericke A, Chuang CH. ACS Sustain Chem Eng, 2019, 7: 1485–1492
Liu G, Lee M, Kwon S, Zeng G, Eichhorn J, Buckley AK, Toste FD, Goddard III WA, Toma FM. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 2021, 118: e2012649118
Lyu Z, Zhu S, Xie M, Zhang Y, Chen Z, Chen R, Tian M, Chi M, Shao M, Xia Y. Angew Chem Int Ed, 2021, 60: 1909–1915
Qi P, Zhao L, Deng Z, Sun H, Li H, Liu Q, Li X, Lian Y, Cheng J, Guo J, Cui Y, Peng Y. J Phys Chem Lett, 2021, 12: 3941–3950
Lu JN, Liu J, Zhang L, Dong LZ, Li SL, Lan YQ. J Mater Chem A, 2021, 9: 23477–23484
Zhang J, Li Z, Cai R, Zhang T, Yang S, Ma L, Wang Y, Wu Y, Wu J. Energy Environ Mater, 2022, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/eem2.12307
Lawrence MJ, Celorrio V, Sargeant E, Huang H, Rodríguez-López J, Zhu Y, Gu M, Russell AE, Rodriguez P. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces, 2022, 14: 2742–2753
Zhang J, Wang Y, Li Z, Xia S, Cai R, Ma L, Zhang T, Ackley J, Yang S, Wu Y, Wu J. Adv Sci, 2022, 9: 2200454
Huo H, Wang J, Fan Q, Hu Y, Yang J. Adv Energy Mater, 2021, 11:2102447
Ling P, Liu Y, Wang Z, Li L, Hu J, Zhu J, Yan W, Jiang H, Hou Z, Sun Y, Xie Y. Nano Lett, 2022, 22: 2988–2994
Lee SH, Lin JC, Farmand M, Landers AT, Feaster JT, Avilés Acosta JE, Beeman JW, Ye Y, Yano J, Mehta A, Davis RC, Jaramillo TF, Hahn C, Drisdell WS. J Am Chem Soc, 2021, 143: 588–592
Kibria MG, Dinh CT, Seifitokaldani A, De Luna P, Burdyny T, Quintero-Bermudez R, Ross MB, Bushuyev OS, García de Arquer FP, Yang P, Sinton D, Sargent EH. Adv Mater, 2018, 30: 1804867
Quan W, Lin Y, Luo Y, Huang Y. Adv Sci, 2021, 8: 2101597
Guo C, Guo Y, Shi Y, Lan X, Wang Y, Yu Y, Zhang B. Angew Chem Int Ed, 2022, 61: e202205909
Wen CF, Zhou M, Liu PF, Liu Y, Wu X, Mao F, Dai S, Xu B, Wang XL, Jiang Z, Hu P, Yang S, Wang HF, Yang HG. Angew Chem Int Ed, 2022, 61: e202111700
Wang K, Liu Y, Wang Q, Zhang Y, Yang X, Chen L, Liu M, Qiu X, Li J, Li W. Appl Catal B-Environ, 2022, 316: 121616
Lu XK, Lu B, Li H, Lim K, Seitz LC. ACS Catal, 2022, 12: 6663–6671
Peng C, Xu Z, Luo G, Yan S, Zhang J, Li S, Chen Y, Chang LY, Wang Z, Sham T-, Zheng G. Adv Energy Mater, 2022, 12: 2200195
Zhou X, Shan J, Chen L, Xia BY, Ling T, Duan J, Jiao Y, Zheng Y, Qiao SZ. J Am Chem Soc, 2022, 144: 2079–2084
Zaza L, Rossi K, Buonsanti R. ACS Energy Lett, 2022, 7: 1284–1291
Choukroun D, Pacquets L, Li C, Hoekx S, Arnouts S, Baert K, Hauffman T, Bals S, Breugelmans T. ACS Nano, 2021, 15: 14858–14872
Ye Y, Qian J, Yang H, Su H, Lee KJ, Etxebarria A, Cheng T, Xiao H, Yano J, Goddard Iii WA, Crumlin EJ. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces, 2020, 12: 25374–25382
Hu F, Yang L, Jiang Y, Duan C, Wang X, Zeng L, Lv X, Duan D, Liu Q, Kong T, Jiang J, Long R, Xiong Y. Angew Chem Int Ed, 2021, 60: 26122–26127
Cai R, Sun M, Ren J, Ju M, Long X, Huang B, Yang S. Chem Sci, 2021, 12: 15382–15388
Yang R, Duan J, Dong P, Wen Q, Wu M, Liu Y, Liu Y, Li H, Zhai T. Angew Chem Int Ed, 2022, 61: e202116706
Li J, Ozden A, Wan M, Hu Y, Li F, Wang Y, Zamani RR, Ren D, Wang Z, Xu Y, Nam DH, Wicks J, Chen B, Wang X, Luo M, Graetzel M, Che F, Sargent EH, Sinton D. Nat Commun, 2021, 12: 2808
Yuan X, Chen S, Cheng D, Li L, Zhu W, Zhong D, Zhao ZJ, Li J, Wang T, Gong J. Angew Chem Int Ed, 2021, 60: 15344–15347
Shen C, Wang P, Li L, Huang X, Shao Q. Nano Res, 2021, 15: 528–534
Varandili SB, Stoian D, Vavra J, Rossi K, Pankhurst JR, Guntern YT, López N, Buonsanti R. Chem Sci, 2021, 12: 14484–14493
Zhang J, Pham THM, Ko Y, Li M, Yang S, Koolen CD, Zhong L, Luo W, Züttel A. Cell Rep Phys Sci, 2022, 3: 100949
Velasco-Velez JJ, Mom RV, Sandoval-Diaz LE, Falling LJ, Chuang CH, Gao D, Jones TE, Zhu Q, Arrigo R, Roldan Cuenya B, Knop-Gericke A, Lunkenbein T, Schlögl R. ACS Energy Lett, 2020, 5: 2106–2111
Rong W, Zou H, Zang W, Xi S, Wei S, Long B, Hu J, Ji Y, Duan L. Angew Chem Int Ed, 2021, 60: 466–472
Guan A, Yang C, Wang Q, Qian L, Cao J, Zhang L, Wu L, Zheng G. ACS Sustain Chem Eng, 2021, 9: 13536–13544
Mei B, Liu C, Li J, Gu S, Du X, Lu S, Song F, Xu W, Jiang Z. J Energy Chem, 2021, 64: 1–7
Verga LG, Mendes PCD, Ocampo-Restrepo VK, Da Silva JLF. Catal Sci Technol, 2021, 12: 869–879
Yang B, Chen L, Xue S, Sun H, Feng K, Chen Y, Zhang X, Xiao L, Qin Y, Zhong J, Deng Z, Jiao Y, Peng Y. Nat Commun, 2022, 13: 5122
Zhu HL, Huang JR, Zhang XW, Wang C, Huang NY, Liao PQ, Chen XM. ACS Catal, 2021, 11: 11786–11792
Zhang W, Huang C, Zhu J, Zhou Q, Yu R, Wang Y, An P, Zhang J, Qiu M, Zhou L, Mai L, Yi Z, Yu Y. Angew Chem Int Ed, 2022, 61: e202112116
Yang J, Qi H, Li A, Liu X, Yang X, Zhang S, Zhao Q, Jiang Q, Su Y, Zhang L, Li JF, Tian ZQ, Liu W, Wang A, Zhang T. J Am Chem Soc, 2022, 144: 12062–12071
Jiang K, Sandberg RB, Akey AJ, Liu X, Bell DC, Nørskov JK, Chan K, Wang H. Nat Catal, 2018, 1: 111–119
An H, Wu L, Mandemaker LDB, Yang S, de Ruiter J, Wijten JHJ, Janssens JCL, Hartman T, van der Stam W, Weckhuysen BM. Angew Chem Int Ed, 2021, 60: 16576–16584
Ma Z, Tsounis C, Toe CY, Kumar PV, Subhash B, Xi S, Yang HY, Zhou S, Lin Z, Wu KH, Wong RJ, Thomsen L, Bedford NM, Lu X, Ng YH, Han Z, Amal R. ACS Catal, 2022, 12: 4792–4805
Tsang CF, Javier AC, Kim YG, Baricuatro JH, Cummins KD, Kim J, Jerkiewicz G, Hemminger JC, Soriaga MP. J Electrochem Soc, 2018, 165: J3350–J3354
Arán-Ais RM, Scholten F, Kunze S, Rizo R, Roldan Cuenya B. Nat Energy, 2020, 5: 317–325
Timoshenko J, Bergmann A, Rettenmaier C, Herzog A, Arán-Ais RM, Jeon HS, Haase FT, Hejral U, Grosse P, Kühl S, Davis EM, Tian J, Magnussen O, Roldan Cuenya B. Nat Catal, 2022, 5: 259–267
Chou TC, Chang CC, Yu HL, Yu WY, Dong CL, Velasco-Vélez JJ, Chuang CH, Chen LC, Lee JF, Chen JM, Wu HL. J Am Chem Soc, 2020, 142: 2857–2867
Zhang J, Liu Z, Guo H, Lin H, Wang H, Liang X, Hu H, Xia Q, Zou X, Huang X. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces, 2022, 14: 19388–19396
Han L, Tian B, Gao X, Zhong Y, Wang S, Song S, Wang Z, Zhang Y, Kuang Y, Sun X. SmartMat, 2022, 3: 142–150
Jeon HS, Timoshenko J, Rettenmaier C, Herzog A, Yoon A, Chee SW, Oener S, Hejral U, Haase FT, Roldan Cuenya B. J Am Chem Soc, 2021, 143: 7578–7587
Xu Y, Miao RK, Edwards JP, Liu S, O’Brien CP, Gabardo CM, Fan M, Huang JE, Robb A, Sargent EH, Sinton D. Joule, 2022, 6: 1333–1343
Tan YC, Quek WK, Kim B, Sugiarto S, Oh J, Kai D. ACS Energy Lett, 2022, 7: 2012–2023
Waegele MM, Gunathunge CM, Li J, Li X. J Chem Phys, 2019, 151: 160902
Gunathunge CM, Ovalle VJ, Waegele MM. Phys Chem Chem Phys, 2017, 19: 30166–30172
Sartin MM, Yu Z, Chen W, He F, Sun Z, Chen YX, Huang W. J Phys Chem C, 2018, 122: 26489–26498
Masana JJ, Peng B, Shuai Z, Qiu M, Yu Y. J Mater Chem A, 2021, 10: 1086–1104
Arán-Ais RM, Rizo R, Grosse P, Algara-Siller G, Dembélé K, Plodinec M, Lunkenbein T, Chee SW, Cuenya BR. Nat Commun, 2020, 11: 3489
Kim C, Cho KM, Park K, Kim JY, Yun GT, Toma FM, Gereige I, Jung HT. Adv Funct Mater, 2021, 31: 2102142
Wang W, Ma Z, Fei X, Wang X, Yang Z, Wang Y, Zhang J, Ning H, Tsubaki N, Wu M. Chem Eng J, 2022, 436: 135029
Han J, Long C, Zhang J, Hou K, Yuan Y, Wang D, Zhang X, Qiu X, Zhu Y, Zhang Y, Yang Z, Yan S, Tang Z. Chem Sci, 2020, 11: 10698–10704
Liu P, Liu H, Zhang S, Wang J, Wang C. Electrochim Acta, 2020, 354: 136753
Yoon A, Poon J, Grosse P, Chee SW, Cuenya BR. J Mater Chem A, 2022, 10: 14041–14050
Han Z, Han D, Chen Z, Gao J, Jiang G, Wang X, Lyu S, Guo Y, Geng C, Yin L, Weng Z, Yang QH. Nat Commun, 2022, 13: 3158
Krzywda PM, Paradelo Rodríguez A, Benes NE, Mei BT, Mul G. Appl Catal B-Environ, 2022, 316: 121512
Vasilyev DV, Dyson PJ. ACS Catal, 2021, 11: 1392–1405
Sun H, Chen L, Xiong L, Feng K, Chen Y, Zhang X, Yuan X, Yang B, Deng Z, Liu Y, Rümmeli MH, Zhong J, Jiao Y, Peng Y. Nat Commun, 2021, 12: 6823
Han X, Thoi VS. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces, 2020, 12: 45929–45935
Phan TH, Banjac K, Cometto FP, Dattila F, García-Muelas R, Raaijman SJ, Ye C, Koper MTM, López N, Lingenfelder M. Nano Lett, 2021, 21: 2059–2065
Kim JY, Hong D, Lee JC, Kim HG, Lee S, Shin S, Kim B, Lee H, Kim M, Oh J, Lee GD, Nam DH, Joo YC. Nat Commun, 2021, 12: 3765
Li Y, Cui F, Ross MB, Kim D, Sun Y, Yang P. Nano Lett, 2017, 17: 1312–1317
Ni W, Yixiang Z, Yao Y, Wang X, Zhao R, Yang Z, Li X, Yan YM. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces, 2022, 14: 13261–13270
Pan Y, Li H, Xiong J, Yu Y, Du H, Li S, Wu Z, Li S, Lai J, Wang L. Appl Catal B-Environ, 2022, 306: 121111
Iijima G, Yamaguchi H, Inomata T, Yoto H, Ito M, Masuda H. ACS Catal, 2020, 10: 15238–15249
Liu J, Cheng L, Wang Y, Chen R, Xiao C, Zhou X, Zhu Y, Li Y, Li C. J Mater Chem A, 2022, 10: 8459–8465
Fan Q, Zhang X, Ge X, Bai L, He D, Qu Y, Kong C, Bi J, Ding D, Cao Y, Duan X, Wang J, Yang J, Wu Y. Adv Energy Mater, 2021, 11: 2101424
Oh Y, Park J, Kim Y, Shim M, Kim TS, Park JY, Byon HR. J Mater Chem A, 2021, 9: 11210–11218
Chen R, Cheng L, Liu J, Wang Y, Ge W, Xiao C, Jiang H, Li Y, Li C. Small, 2022, 18: 2200720
Zhuo LL, Chen P, Zheng K, Zhang XW, Wu JX, Lin DY, Liu SY, Wang ZS, Liu JY, Zhou DD, Zhang JP. Angew Chem Int Ed, 2022, 61: e202204967
Li X, Liu Q, Wang J, Meng D, Shu Y, Lv X, Zhao B, Yang H, Cheng T, Gao Q, Li L, Wu HB. Chem, 2022, 8: 2148–2162
Zhao Y, Zu X, Chen R, Li X, Jiang Y, Wang Z, Wang S, Wu Y, Sun Y, Xie Y. J Am Chem Soc, 2022, 144: 10446–10454
Jiao X, Hu Z, Li L, Wu Y, Zheng K, Sun Y, Xie Y. Sci China Chem, 2022, 65: 428–440
Herzog A, Bergmann A, Jeon HS, Timoshenko J, Kühl S, Rettenmaier C, Lopez Luna M, Haase FT, Roldan Cuenya B. Angew Chem Int Ed, 2021, 60: 7426–7435
Bastidas DM, La Iglesia VM. Corrosion Eng Sci Tech, 2007, 42: 272–280
Asiri AM, Gao J, Khan SB, Alamry KA, Marwani HM, Khan MSJ, Adeosun WA, Zakeeruddin SM, Ren D, Grätzel M. J Phys Chem Lett, 2022, 13: 345–351
Louisia S, Kim D, Li Y, Gao M, Yu S, Yang P. ChemRxiv, 2021, DOI:https://doi.org/10.33774/chemrxiv-2021-x46f8
Gauthier JA, Stenlid JH, Abild-Pedersen F, Head-Gordon M, Bell AT. ACS Energy Lett, 2021, 6: 3252–3260
Acknowledgements
This work was supported by the “Pioneer” and “Leading Goose” R&D Programs of Zhejiang (2022C03146), National Natural Science Foundation of China (22225606 and 22176029) and Central Government Guided Local Science and Technology Development Fund (2021ZY1022)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding authors
Additional information
Conflict of interest
The authors declare no conflict of interest.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Deng, B., Zhao, X., Li, Y. et al. Active site identification and engineering during the dynamic evolution of copper-based catalysts for electrocatalytic CO2 reduction. Sci. China Chem. 66, 78–95 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11426-022-1412-6
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11426-022-1412-6