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Organic amendments combined with biochar for improving soil and plant quality in a Torreya grandis plantation

  • Soils, Sec 1 • Soil Organic Matter Dynamics and Nutrient Cycling • Research Article
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Abstract

Purpose

Biochar and organic amendments can improve soil quality, but their combined effects on plant growth as well as soil microbial functions deserve further investigation.

Materials and methods

We established an 8-month field experiment to explore the effects of biochar (0, 10 t ha−1), organic amendments (10 t ha−1 sheep manure and 2 t ha−1 rapeseed cake), and their combinations on plant growth and soil quality in a Torreya grandis plantation.

Results and discussion

Organic amendments significantly (P < 0.05) increased soil available and total P contents as well as mineral nutrients in leaves. Biochar significantly increased soil available P and K and total K contents. Biochar combined with sheep manure rather than rapeseed cake displayed a significant (P < 0.05) increase in plant quality and soil nutrients in comparison with manure or rapeseed cake addition alone. Biochar combined with sheep manure significantly increased microbial activity (indicated by microbial substrate utilization rate) compared with manure alone treatment. In addition, organic amendments in combination with biochar generally had no significant effects on microbial diversity indices, but they had some interactive effects on some bacterial taxa, such as Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria, and predicted metabolism functions. Changes in soil nutrient contents were closely linked with soil bacterial community composition and improvements in plant quality.

Conclusions

The results showed that 10 t ha−1 biochar co-applied with 10 t ha−1 sheep manure was suitable for the promotion of soil fertility and plant growth in a Torreya grandis plantation.

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Data sharing and accessibility

All data generated or analyzed during this study are included in this article. The database or raw data generated during and/or analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.

Abbreviations

SM:

Sheep manure

RC:

Rapeseed cake

BC:

Biochar

BCSM:

Sheep manure co-applied with biochar

BCRC:

Rapeseed cake co-applied with biochar

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Acknowledgements

We would like to thank Dr. Quan Li for providing support and guidance during manuscript preparation. We thank LetPub (www.letpub.com) for their linguistic assistance during the preparation of this manuscript.

Funding

This work was supported by the Zhejiang Province Key R&D Project (grant number 2020C02019), Research Development Foundation of Zhejiang A & F University(2034020151), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (grant numbers: 31800579, 32171830, 31670687 and 31971699), the Zhejiang Provincial Cooperative Forestry Science and Technology Project (grant number 2018SY06), the Zhejiang Public Welfare Project (grant number LGN20C160002), the Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China (grant number LQ19C160008), the Key Research Development Project of the Zhejiang Province (grant number 2018C02004), the Selective Breeding Program for New Cultivars of T. grandis (grant number 2016C02052-12), and the 111 Project (grant number D18008).

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  1. Zhanhua Zhou and Kim Yrjälä contributed equally to this work

Authors and Affiliations

  1. State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou, 311300, China

    Zhanhua Zhou, Kim Yrjälä, Junhui Chen, Chenliang Yu, Wenhui Shi, Hua Qin, Weiwu Yu, Wensheng Dai, Yuanyuan Hu & Jiasheng Wu

  2. Department of Forest Science, University of Helsinki, PB 27 (Latokartanonkaari 7), 00014, Helsinki, Finland

    Kim Yrjälä

  3. Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Carbon Cycling in Forest Ecosystems and Carbon Sequestration, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou, 311300, China

    Junhui Chen & Hua Qin

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  1. Zhanhua Zhou
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Contributions

Zhanhua Zhou: investigation, writing—original draft preparation. Kim Yrjälä: conceptualization, investigation, writing, and editing. Junhui Chen, Chenliang Yu, Wenhui Shi, Hua Qin: writing—review and editing. Yuanyuan Hu and Jiasheng Wu: conceptualization, writing—review and editing, supervisor. Weiwu Yu, Wensheng Dai, Jiasheng Wu: project administration.

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Correspondence to Yuanyuan Hu or Jiasheng Wu.

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Zhou, Z., Yrjälä, K., Chen, J. et al. Organic amendments combined with biochar for improving soil and plant quality in a Torreya grandis plantation. J Soils Sediments 22, 1080–1094 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11368-021-03127-2

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