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Aerobic exercise training effects on hippocampal volume in healthy older individuals: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

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Abstract

We conducted a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials investigating the effects of aerobic exercise training (AET) lasting ≥ 4 weeks on hippocampal volume and cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) in cognitively unimpaired, healthy older individuals. Random-effects robust variance estimation models were used to test differences between AET and controls, while meta-regressions tested associations between CRF and hippocampal volume changes. We included eight studies (N = 554) delivering fully supervised AET for 3 to 12 months (M = 7.8, SD = 4.5) with an average AET volume of 129.85 min/week (SD = 45.5) at moderate-to-vigorous intensity. There were no significant effects of AET on hippocampal volume (SMD = 0.10, 95% CI − 0.01 to 0.21, p = 0.073), but AET moderately improved CRF (SMD = 0.30, 95% CI 0.12 to 0.48, p = 0.005). Improvement in CRF was not associated with changes in hippocampal volume (bSE = 0.05, SE = 0.51, p = 0.923). From the limited number of studies, AET does not seem to impact hippocampal volume in cognitively unimpaired, healthy older individuals. Notable methodological limitations across investigations might mask the lack of effects.

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Fig. 1
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Data Availability

The data that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.

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Acknowledgements

The authors thank Sabina Gillsund and Narcisa Hannerz from the Karolinska Institutet Library for their help with literature searches.

Funding

GMB and NCBSS are jointly funded by the Michael Smith Health Research BC and the Canadian Institutes of Health Research. NCBSS is supported by the Canadians for Leading Edge Alzheimer’s Research. RSF is funded by the Michael Smith Health Research BC. TLA is a Canada Research Chair (Tier I) in Healthy Aging. TH is supported by the Deltaplan Dementie (ZonMW: Memorabel 733050303) and a Healthy Ageing seed grant (CDO17.0023–2017–2–316) from the University Medical Center Groningen.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada

    Guilherme Moraes Balbim, Nárlon Cássio Boa Sorte Silva, Lisanne ten Brinke, Ryan S. Falck, Rebeca Hernández-Gamboa & Teresa Liu-Ambrose

  2. Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada

    Guilherme Moraes Balbim, Nárlon Cássio Boa Sorte Silva, Lisanne ten Brinke, Ryan S. Falck, Rebeca Hernández-Gamboa & Teresa Liu-Ambrose

  3. Centre for Aging SMART at Vancouver Coastal Health, Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, Vancouver, Canada

    Guilherme Moraes Balbim, Nárlon Cássio Boa Sorte Silva, Lisanne ten Brinke, Ryan S. Falck, Rebeca Hernández-Gamboa & Teresa Liu-Ambrose

  4. School of Biomedical Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada

    Ryan S. Falck

  5. Center for Human Movement Sciences, University of Groningen Medical Center, Groningen, the Netherlands

    Tibor Hortobágyi

  6. Department of Kinesiology, Hungarian University of Sports Science, Budapest, Hungary

    Tibor Hortobágyi

  7. Department of Sport Biology, Institute of Sport Sciences and Physical Education, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary

    Tibor Hortobágyi

  8. Department of Neurology, Somogy County Kaposi Mór Teaching Hospital, Kaposvár, Hungary

    Tibor Hortobágyi

  9. Department of Sport and Sport Science, Exercise and Human Movement Science, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany

    Urs Granacher

  10. AdventHealth Research Institute, Neuroscience, Orlando, USA

    Kirk I. Erickson

  11. Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, USA

    Kirk I. Erickson

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  1. Guilherme Moraes Balbim
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Contributions

TH, UG and TLA designed the primary research. GMB, NCBSS and TLA designed the current research. GMB, NCBSS and TH performed the research. GMB and NCBSS analysed and interpreted the data. GMB, NCBSS, LTB, RSF, TH, UG, KIE, RH-G and TLA wrote the paper.

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Correspondence to Teresa Liu-Ambrose.

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Guilherme Moraes Balbim and Nárlon Cássio Boa Sorte Silva contributed equality to this work.

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Balbim, G.M., Boa Sorte Silva, N.C., ten Brinke, L. et al. Aerobic exercise training effects on hippocampal volume in healthy older individuals: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. GeroScience 46, 2755–2764 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11357-023-00971-7

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