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The microarchitecture and chemical composition of the femur neck of senescent female rats after different physical training protocols

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Abstract

A sedentary lifestyle, coupled with a decrease in estrogen, impairs bone homeostasis, favoring to the development of osteopenia and osteoporosis, both recognized as risk factors for fractures. Here, we investigated the quality of the femur, particularly the femur neck region, and the ambulation performance of senescent rats subjected to three different physical training protocols during the periestropause period. Forty-eight female rats, 18 months of age, were subjected to a 120-day training period, three times a week. The rats were distributed into four groups: aerobic training (AT), strength training (ST), concurrent training (CT), or no training (NT). After the experimental period, at 21 months of age, ambulation performance and femur were analyzed using microtomography, Raman stereology, densitometry, and mechanical strength tests. The results demonstrated greater remodeling activity and improvement in resistance and bone microarchitecture in the femur neck of senescent female rats after undergoing physical training. Our verified higher intensities of bands related to collagen, phosphate, amide III, and amide I. Furthermore, the analysis of the secondary collagen structures indicated alterations in the collagen network due to the exercise, resulting in increased bone strength. Both AT and strength-based training proved beneficial, with AT showing greater adaptations in bone density and stiffness in the femur, while strength-based training greater adaptations in trabecular and cortical structure. These insights contribute to the understanding of the potential interventions for preventing osteopenia and osteoporosis, which are critical risk factors for fractures.

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Acknowledgements

We thank the Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho,” Multiuser Laboratory for Biotechnology and Bioengineering (MUBIO) of Araçatuba Dental School, FINEP (FINEP/CT-INFRA Convênio FINEP: 01.12.0530.00-PROINFRA 01/2011) and the Brazilian Society of Physiology for supporting the present study. We would also like to thank technician Pedro Luiz Florindo and Dr. Danilo de Sandre for monitoring and helping with the care of animals during the aging process and for monitoring and helping with the care of animals during the period of the study. We would also like to thank the Brazilian agency FAPESP (2021/13884-0, 2020/05423-0, and 2018/22214-6)

Funding

This study was financed in part by the Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - Brasil (CAPES) – Código de Financiamento 001.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Multicentric Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences – SBFis/UNESP, São Paulo State University, Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil

    Rafael Augusto dos Santos Silva, Melise Jacon Peres-Ueno, Angela Cristina Nicola, Luis Fernando Gadioli Santos, Fernanda Fernandes-Breitenbach, Antônio Hernandes Chaves-Neto & Rita Cássia Menegati Dornelles

  2. Aging Biology Research Group, Department of Basic Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Dentistry, Rodovia Marechal Rondon, km 527, CEP 16018-805, Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil

    Rafael Augusto dos Santos Silva, Melise Jacon Peres-Ueno, Angela Cristina Nicola, Luis Fernando Gadioli Santos, Fernanda Fernandes-Breitenbach, Antônio Hernandes Chaves-Neto & Rita Cássia Menegati Dornelles

  3. Physics Department, São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Technology and Sciences, Presidente Prudente, São Paulo, Brazil

    Rafael Jesus Gonçalves Rubira

  4. Integrative Physiology Research Center, Department of Biological Sciences, Universidade Estadual do Sudoeste da Bahia (UESB), Jequie, Bahia, 45210-506, Brazil

    Rafael Pereira

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  1. Rafael Augusto dos Santos Silva
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Contributions

Rafael Augusto dos Santos Silva: care of experimental animals, data collection, data analysis, data tabulation, discussion of results, paper editing. Melise Jacon Peres-Ueno: data analysis, discussion of results. Luis Fernando Gadioli Santos and Angela Nicola: data collection and data analysis. Fernanda Fernandes: data collection, data analysis, and discussion of results. Rafael Jesus Gonçalves Rubira: analysis of Raman spectra of bone tissues and discussion of results; Rafael Pereira: statistical analysis and discussion of results; Antonio Hernandes Chaves-Neto: TRAP and FAL analysis and discussion of results. Rita Cássia Menegati Dornelles: guidance and monitoring of all experimental steps, data analysis, data tabulation, discussion of results, paper editing.

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Correspondence to Rita Cássia Menegati Dornelles.

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The study was conducted according to national (CONCEA—National Association for Animals Experiments Control: http://concea.mct.gov.br) and institutional laws and was approved by the Ethics Committee on Animal Use (CEUA), of the São Paulo State University (Unesp), School of Dentistry, Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil (Authorization Protocol 00826-2018).

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dos Santos Silva, R.A., Peres-Ueno, M.J., Nicola, A.C. et al. The microarchitecture and chemical composition of the femur neck of senescent female rats after different physical training protocols. GeroScience 46, 1927–1946 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11357-023-00948-6

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