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Interference between Concurrent Resistance and Endurance Exercise: Molecular Bases and the Role of Individual Training Variables

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Abstract

Concurrent training is defined as simultaneously incorporating both resistance and endurance exercise within a periodized training regime. Despite the potential additive benefits of combining these divergent exercise modes with regards to disease prevention and athletic performance, current evidence suggests that this approach may attenuate gains in muscle mass, strength, and power compared with undertaking resistance training alone. This has been variously described as the interference effect or concurrent training effect. In recent years, understanding of the molecular mechanisms mediating training adaptation in skeletal muscle has emerged and provided potential mechanistic insight into the concurrent training effect. Although it appears that various molecular signaling responses induced in skeletal muscle by endurance exercise can inhibit pathways regulating protein synthesis and stimulate protein breakdown, human studies to date have not observed such molecular ‘interference’ following acute concurrent exercise that might explain compromised muscle hypertrophy following concurrent training. However, given the multitude of potential concurrent training variables and the limitations of existing evidence, the potential roles of individual training variables in acute and chronic interference are not fully elucidated. The present review explores current evidence for the molecular basis of the specificity of training adaptation and the concurrent interference phenomenon. Additionally, insights provided by molecular and performance-based concurrent training studies regarding the role of individual training variables (i.e., within-session exercise order, between-mode recovery, endurance training volume, intensity, and modality) in the concurrent interference effect are discussed, along with the limitations of our current understanding of this complex paradigm.

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Acknowledgments

No funding was used to assist in the preparation of this review. The authors have no conflicts of interest to declare that are directly relevant to the contents of this review. The authors would like to thank Keith Baar (University of California Davis) for providing insightful comments on drafts of this manuscript.

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  1. Institute of Sport, Exercise and Active Living (ISEAL), Victoria University, Footscray Park Campus, PO Box 14428, Melbourne, VIC, 8001, Australia

    Jackson J. Fyfe, David J. Bishop & Nigel K. Stepto

  2. College of Sport and Exercise Science, Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia

    Jackson J. Fyfe, David J. Bishop & Nigel K. Stepto

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Fyfe, J.J., Bishop, D.J. & Stepto, N.K. Interference between Concurrent Resistance and Endurance Exercise: Molecular Bases and the Role of Individual Training Variables. Sports Med 44, 743–762 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-014-0162-1

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