Abstract
Slovak bentonite was used as an effective natural adsorbent for the removal of Cd(II) and Co(II). Characterization of the samples was conducted using X-ray diffraction (XRD), high-resolution scanning electron microscopy with an X-ray energy dispersion spectrometer (SEM–EDS), and infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). Adsorption experiments were carried out for pure water and artificial seawater, each containing cobalt and cadmium cations within the concentration range of 5–60 mg/L. The highest bentonite adsorption capacities of the tested bentonites were 23.5 (Cd) and 32.2 (Co) mg g−1. The kinetics data revealed that, in addition to chemisorption, intraparticle diffusion contributes to metal removal. The physical and structural properties of bentonites play an important role in adsorption. Bentonite P 135 from the Lieskovec deposit showed the highest efficiency for removing both ions, with removal percentages exceeding 90% and 77.5% for pure water and artificial seawater, respectively. The results indicate the suitability of using Slovak bentonites as an alternative sorbent for both metal extractions. The mechanism of metal ion adsorption on bentonite clay can be understood through surface complexation and ion exchange. The examined bentonite deposits show potential as promising natural sorbents for the removal of cobalt and cadmium cations from polluted waters.
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Acknowledgements
The authors would like to thank the Slovak company, Envigeo, for providing the bentonites used in this work. In addition, we would like to thank RNDr. Adrián Biroň, CSc., from the Earth Science Institute of the Slovak Academy of Sciences in Banská Bystrica for preparing and evaluating the XRD analysis data.
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This work was supported by the Scientific Grant Agency of the Ministry of Education, Science, Research, and Sport of the Slovak Republic, project number VEGA 1/0220/23.
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All the authors contributed to the study conception, design and analysis. Conceptualization: Matej Šuranek, Zuzana Melichová, and Maciej Thomas. Methodology: Matej Šuranek, Zuzana Melichová, and Maciej Thomas. Collection, and preparation of samples for analysis: Matej Šuranek and Zuzana Melichová. FAAS analysis: Matej Šuranek and Zuzana Melichová. Removal studies: Matej Šuranek. Writing (original draft preparation): Matej Šuranek, Zuzana Melichová, and Maciej Thomas. Writing (review and editing): Matej Šuranek, Zuzana Melichová, and Maciej Thomas.
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Šuránek, M., Melichová, Z. & Thomas, M. Removal of cadmium and cobalt from water by Slovak bentonites: efficiency, isotherms, and kinetic study. Environ Sci Pollut Res 31, 29199–29217 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-024-33133-z
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-024-33133-z