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Tracing and source fingerprinting of metals from the southern coastal sediments in Bangladesh

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Abstract

Trace element pollution from anthropogenic sources is increasingly widespread. This pollution in terrestrial environments threatens agricultural crop production, while in aquatic environments, it threatens fish cultivation. The contamination of these crucial food sources raises significant concerns regarding food safety, security, and its potential adverse effects on human health. Coastal areas are particularly vulnerable to heavy metal pollution due to their proximity to industrial and urban centres, as well as their susceptibility to contamination from marine sources. In attempting to identify the sources of heavy metals (As, Cu, Cr, Cd, Fe, Hg, Mn, Ni, Pb, and Zn) and measure their contributions, we collected soil samples from thirty sites along the three coastal districts (Patuakhali, Barguna, and Bhola) in Bangladesh. Using atomic absorption spectroscopy, heavy metal concentrations in soil samples were measured and three receptor models (PMF, PCA-MLR, and UNMIX) were applied to detect their sources. Pairwise correlation analysis of metal concentrations in 30 sites across 3 coastal districts showed all possible patterns, including both significant and insignificant positive and negative relationships between different metals, except for As and Hg which did not display any significant relationships with other metals. The concentrations of Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, and Zn exceed the US-EPA sediment quality standard. The applied PCA-MLR, PMF, and UNMIX models identified several sources of heavy metal contamination, including (i) mixed anthropogenic and natural activities: contribution of 59%, 37%, and 43%, and (ii) vehicle emissions: contribution of 23%, 26% and 29%. The recognized metal sources should be prioritised to avoid the discharge of poisonous pollutants from anthropogenic factors and any possible future exposure. This study’s findings have implications for ongoing monitoring and management of heavy metal contamination in coastal environments to mitigate potential health and ecological impacts and can inform policy development and management strategies.

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Acknowledgements

The authors express deepest gratitude and debt of Monitoring of Environmental Pollutants and Risk Assessment Lab and Fiber and Polymer Division, Bangladesh Science and Research Council Institute (BCSIR), Dhanmondi, Dhaka for providing laboratories facilities to conduct data analysis.

Funding

This work was supported by the National Science and Technology (NST) Fellowship, and Noakhali Science and Technology University (NSTU). Niger Sultana has received research grant from the NST. Mohammed Abdus Salam received research grant from Research Cell of NSTU ((No: NSTU/RC-ESDM/T-21/56).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Environmental Science and Disaster Management, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Noakhali, Bangladesh

    Niger Sultana & Mohammed Abdus Salam

  2. Fibre and Polymer Research Division, Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (BCSIR) Laboratories, Dhaka, Bangladesh

    Shamima Akther Eti

  3. Department of Geography, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China

    Md Lokman Hossain

  4. Department of Environment Protection Technology, German University Bangladesh, Gazipur, Bangladesh

    Md Lokman Hossain

  5. Department of Geography and Resource Management, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China

    Jianfeng Li

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  1. Niger Sultana
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  4. Jianfeng Li
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  5. Mohammed Abdus Salam
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Contributions

Conceptualization: Niger Sultana, Mohammed Abdus Salam; Methodology: Niger Sultana, Shamima Akther Eti, Mohammed Abdus Salam; Formal analysis and investigation: Niger Sultana, Shamima Akther Eti, Jianfeng Li, Mohammed Abdus Salam; Writing—original draft preparation: Niger Sultana, Md Lokman Hossain; Writing—review and editing: Niger Sultana, Md Lokman Hossain, Jianfeng Li, Mohammed Abdus Salam; Funding acquisition: Niger Sultana, Mohammed Abdus Salam; Resources: Mohammed Abdus Salam; Supervision: Mohammed Abdus Salam.

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Correspondence to Mohammed Abdus Salam.

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Sultana, N., Eti, S.A., Hossain, M.L. et al. Tracing and source fingerprinting of metals from the southern coastal sediments in Bangladesh. Environ Sci Pollut Res 31, 27846–27863 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-024-32684-5

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