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Impact of short-term irrigation of diverse distillery wastewater types on plant attributes and antioxidative enzymes of pea (Pisum sativum L. var. Rachna)

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Abstract

The study was focused on evaluating the short-term irrigation effect of three different types of distillery wastewater, i.e., untreated, primary treated, and secondary treated, on the germination, growth, photosynthetic pigments, and antioxidant enzymes of pea (Pisum sativum L. var. Rachna). The findings indicated that exposure to 50% secondary treated distillery wastewater (ST50) resulted in the maximum values for positive germination parameters of pea, including germination percentage, germination value, germination index, peak value, vigor index, speed of germination, and tolerance index. The minimum values were observed at 100% concentration of untreated wastewater (UT100). In contrast, the maximum values for various negative germination parameters, i.e., percent inhibition, seedling mortality, and germination period, were observed at UT100 and minimum at ST50. All the growth parameters studied, i.e., length of shoot, length of root and length of seedlings, fresh weight of shoot, fresh weight of root, dry weight of shoot, and dry weight of root, showed maximum values at ST50 and minimum at UT100. Photosynthetic pigment analysis also followed a similar trend. The antioxidative enzyme characterization of Pisum sativum L. var. Rachna revealed the minimum values of catalase, ascorbic peroxidase, glutathione reductase, and superoxide dismutase at ST25 (25% concentration of secondary treated distillery wastewater) and maximum values were observed at UT100.

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Funding

The corresponding author (PM) gratefully acknowledges the financial support received from JK Science Technology & Innovation Council, Department of Science & Technology, India (Grant no. JKST&IC/SRE/ 945–47).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Jammu, Jammu, 180006, J&K, India

    Kirti Pandita, Rekha Kumari & Piyush Malaviya

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  1. Kirti Pandita
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  2. Rekha Kumari
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  3. Piyush Malaviya
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Contributions

The study was conceptualized and designed by Piyush Malaviya. Experiments and data collection were conducted by Kirti Pandita. Data analysis was performed by Rekha Kumari. The first draft of the manuscript was written by Kirti Pandita, Rekha Kumari, and Piyush Malaviya. The overall study was supervised by Piyush Malaviya. All the authors read and approved the final manuscript.

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Correspondence to Piyush Malaviya.

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Pandita, K., Kumari, R. & Malaviya, P. Impact of short-term irrigation of diverse distillery wastewater types on plant attributes and antioxidative enzymes of pea (Pisum sativum L. var. Rachna). Environ Sci Pollut Res 31, 22547–22559 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-024-32618-1

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