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Reuse of treated urban wastewater on the growth and physiology of Medicago sativa L. cv. Gea and Petroselinum crispum L. cv. Commun: correlation with oxydative stress and DNA damage

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Abstract

The freshwater scarcity is one of the major environmental problems, which is why the water reuse has become a possible remedy to cope with the shortage of water needed for agriculture irrigation. This study focuses on the evaluation of the irrigation effect with treated effluent from wastewater treatment plant in Tunisia on parsley (Petroselinum crispum L. cv. Commun) used as human food and alfalfa (Medicago sativa L. cv. Gea) as animal food. In vitro germination test was conducted at different dilution levels of wastewater as rejected into the environment (25, 50, and 100%) and wastewater with further treatment (TWW). Results have shown that wastewater with dilution of 25% as well as TWW positively affected the physiological parameters in comparison with the dilutions 50 and 100%. However, the tap water (TW) applied as control treatment has shown the best effects. Oxidative stress evaluated by malondialdehyde (MDA) content was in agreement with the physiological results and showed that the most stressed seeds were those treated with the dilutions 50 and 100%. A pot trial was also conducted to evaluate the suitability of WW and TWW in comparison to TW. Results have shown that TWW is more adapted than WW for irrigation as an improvement of growth and physiological parameters was recorded. Oxidative stress assessed with MDA and proline content has shown that plants irrigated with WW significantly accumulate MDA and proline compared to TWW. The TW has shown the lowest values. DNA damage was evaluated by extraction and agarose gel electrophoresis. It has revealed degradation of DNA for plants irrigated with WW. According to these results, it can be concluded that TWW can be used for irrigation of plants destined for human or animal foods. So, it can be a hydric alternative to resolve the problem of water deficit in semi-arid countries.

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Acknowledgements

The authors show deep gratitude to Dr. Monem Kallel, Laboratory of Water-Energy-Environment, University of Sfax, E.N.I.S., B.P. W 3038, Sfax, Tunisia, for their help to facilitate wastewater heavy metal analysis for completion of this work.

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This work was supported by the Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research in Tunisia.

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  1. Research Unit of Analysis and Process Applied On the Environment (UR17ES32), Higher Institute of Applied Sciences and Technology, Mahdia, University of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia

    Imene Fekih, Sana Hamila, Sarra Bchir & Hedi Ben Mansour

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All the authors contribute to this work. Imene FEKIH: data analysis + investigation + writing the original draft. Sana HAMILA: investigation. Sarra BCHIR: statistical analysis. Hedi BEN MANSOUR: conceptualization + supervision + validation.

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Correspondence to Hedi Ben Mansour.

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Fekih, I., Hamila, S., Bchir, S. et al. Reuse of treated urban wastewater on the growth and physiology of Medicago sativa L. cv. Gea and Petroselinum crispum L. cv. Commun: correlation with oxydative stress and DNA damage. Environ Sci Pollut Res 30, 59449–59469 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-023-26474-8

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