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Potential protective effects of L-carnitine against myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury in a rat model

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Abstract

Myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury is a growing concern for global public health. This study seeks to explore the potential protective effects of L-carnitine (LC) against heart ischemia–reperfusion injury in rats. To induce I/R injury, the rat hearts underwent a 30-min ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery, followed by 24 h of reperfusion. We evaluated cardiac function through electrocardiography and heart rate variability (HRV) and conducted pathological examinations of myocardial structure. Additionally, the study investigated the influence of LC on myocardial apoptosis, inflammation, and oxidative stress in the context of I/R injury. The results show that pretreatment with LC led to improvements in the observed alterations in ECG waveforms and HRV parameters in the nontreated ischemic reperfusion model group, although most of these changes did not reach statistical significance. Similarly, although without a significant difference, LC reduced the levels of proinflammatory cytokines when compared to the values in the nontreated ischemic rat group. Furthermore, LC restored the reduced expressions of SOD1, SOD2, and SOD3. Additionally, LC significantly reduced the elevated Bax expressions and showed a nonsignificant increase in Bcl-2 expression, resulting in a favorable adjustment of the Bcl-2/Bax ratio. We also observed a significant enhancement in the histological appearance of cardiac muscles, a substantial reduction in myocardial fibrosis, and suppressed CD3 + cell proliferation in the ischemic myocardium. This small-scale, experimental, in vivo study indicates that LC was associated with enhancements in the pathological findings in the ischemic myocardium in the context of ischemia/reperfusion injury in this rat model. Although statistical significance was not achieved, LC exhibits potential and beneficial protective effects against I/R injury. It does so by modulating the expression of antioxidative and antiapoptotic genes, inhibiting the inflammatory response, and enhancing autonomic balance, particularly by increasing vagal tone in the heart. Further studies are necessary to confirm and elaborate on these findings.

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Data availability

The data presented in this study are available upon request from the first author.

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Funding

The research was supported by a full scholarship provided by the Egypt-Japan Education Partnership (EJEP) from the Ministry of Higher Education, Egypt.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Veterinary Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Japan

    Ahmed Farag & Ryou Tanaka

  2. Department of Surgery, Anesthesiology, and Radiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt

    Ahmed Farag

  3. Department of Animal Internal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhur University, Damanhur, Egypt

    Ahmed Elfadadny

  4. Department of Animal Medicine (Internal Medicine), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt

    Ahmed S. Mandour

  5. Laboratory of Veterinary Diagnostic Imaging, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, Japan

    Sai Koung Ngeun

  6. Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, Moshtohor, Toukh, Qaliobiya, Egypt

    Mohamed Aboubakr

  7. Laboratory of Veterinary Anatomy, Division of Animal Life Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, Japan

    Masahiro Kaneda

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  1. Ahmed Farag
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  2. Ahmed Elfadadny
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  5. Mohamed Aboubakr
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  7. Ryou Tanaka
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Contributions

Experiment design: Ahmed Farag, Ahmed S. Mandour, Ryou Tanaka. Induction of model: Ahmed Farag. Electrocardiography: Ahmed Farag, Ahmed S. Mandour. Investigation: Ahmed Elfadadny, Sai Koung Ngeun, Masahiro Kaneda. Data collection and statistical analysis: Ahmed Farag, Mohamed Aboubakr. Writing and drafting: Ahmed Farag, Ahmed Elfadadny. Critical editing: Ahmed S. Mandour. Supervision: Ryou Tanaka. All authors reviewed and edited the final version.

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Correspondence to Ahmed Farag.

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The experimental procedures were approved by the local ethical committee of the Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Japan (Approval No R04-185).

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Farag, A., Elfadadny, A., Mandour, A.S. et al. Potential protective effects of L-carnitine against myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury in a rat model. Environ Sci Pollut Res 31, 18813–18825 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-024-32212-5

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