Abstract
Ex-mining lake-converted constructed wetlands play a significant role in the carbon cycle, offering a great potential to sequester carbon and mitigate climate change and global warming. Investigating the quantity of carbon storage capacity of ex-mining lake-converted constructed wetlands provides information and justification for restoration and conservation efforts. The present study aims to quantify the carbon pool of the ex-mining lake-converted constructed wetlands and characterise the physicochemical properties of the soil and sediment. Pearson’s correlation and a one-way ANOVA were performed to compare the different sampling stations at Paya Indah Wetland, Selangor, Malaysia. An analysis of 23 years of ex-mining lake-converted constructed wetlands of Paya Indah Wetlands, Selangor, Malaysia, revealed that the estimated total carbon pool in soil and sediment accumulated to 1553.11 Mg C ha−1 (equivalent to 5700 Mg CO2 ha−1), which translates to an annual carbon sink capacity of around 67.5 Mg C ha−1 year−1. The characterisation showed that the texture of all soil samples was dominated by silt, whereas sediments exhibited texture heterogeneity. Although the pH of the soil and sediment was both acidic, the bulk density was still optimal for plant growth and did not affect root growth. FT-IR and WDXRF results supported that besides the accumulation and degradation of organic substances, which increase the soil and sediment carbon content, mineral carbonation is a mechanism by which soil and sediment can store carbon. Therefore, this study indicates that the ex-mining lake-converted constructed wetlands of Paya Indah Wetlands, Selangor, Malaysia have a significant carbon storage potential.
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Data availability
The datasets generated during and/or analysed during the current study are not publicly available due to the funder’s requirement.
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Acknowledgements
The authors acknowledge the Department of Wildlife and National Parks (PERHILITAN) for the permission to conduct research at Paya Indah Wetlands (PIW). Special thanks to all PIW’s PERHILITAN staff, especially Mr Resak, for helping us throughout the sampling process.
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This work was supported by the Ministry of Higher Education, Malaysia, through Konsortium Kecemerlangan Penyelidikan (KKP/2021/UKM-UKM/1/1). The authors have received research support from the Department of Wildlife and National Parks (PERHILITAN), Paya Indah Wetlands (PIW).
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Material preparation, data collection and analysis were performed by Nurul’ Ain Jamion. The first draft of the manuscript was written by Nurul’ Ain Jamion and Khai Ern Lee. Khai Ern Lee, Mazlin Mokhtar and Thian Lai Goh reviewed and commented on previous versions of the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.
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Jamion, N.A., Lee, K.E., Mokhtar, M. et al. Quantifying carbon pool in ex-mining lake-converted constructed wetlands of Paya Indah Wetlands, Selangor, Malaysia. Environ Sci Pollut Res 31, 16291–16308 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-024-32140-4
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-024-32140-4