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Artificial lakes as a climate change adaptation strategy in drylands: evaluating the trade-off on non-target ecosystem services

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Abstract

Drylands are very susceptible to the effects of climate change due to water stress. One possible climate change adaptation measure is the construction of lakes to increase water availability for drinking and irrigation (food production) and decrease fire risk. These lakes can also increase local biodiversity and human well-being. However, other non-target services such as carbon (C) storage, water purification, and sediment retention might also change. Our main aim was to evaluate the trade-offs on non-targeted ecosystem services due to lakes construction in drylands. This was done using the Integrated Valuation of Ecosystem Services and Tradeoffs (InVEST) modeling tools, comparing a Mediterranean area located in southwest (SW) Europe, with and without artificial lakes. Results showed that the construction of artificial lakes caused an increase of 9.4% in C storage. However, the consequent increase in agricultural area decreased water purification and sediment retention services. This could diminish the life span of the lakes changing the initial beneficial cost-benefit analysis on lakes as adaptation measures to climate change. As a global measure for mitigation and adaptation to climate change strategy, we consider lake construction in drylands to be positive since it can store C in sediments and reduces the vulnerability to water scarcity. However, as a general recommendation and when built to support or increase agriculture in semi-arid landscapes, we consider that lakes should be complemented with additional measures to reduce soil erosion and nutrient leaching such as (i) locate agricultural areas outside the lakes water basin, (ii) afforestation surrounding the lakes, and (iii) adopt the best local agriculture practices to prevent and control soil erosion and nutrient leaching.

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Acknowledgements

We thank the Tamera community, in particular Christoph Ulbig, for the collaboration in this project and for the data shared. This article resulted from a case study research funded in the context of the project BASE (Bottom-up Climate Adaptation Strategies for a Sustainable Europe, grant agreement no. 30833, European Commission Seventh Framework Programme FP7), H2020 TWINN (NitroPortugal, nr 692331), EEA-grants/Programa Adapt (AdaptForChange), and FCT-MEC (SFRH/BPD/75425/2010, PD/PB/113929/2015, PD/BD/113934/2015, IF/00940/2015, UID/BIA/00329/2013 and ChangeTracker—PTDC/AAG-GLO/0045/2014). Funding referred above has not influenced the research reported here; and this study does not reflect the views or opinions of the European Commission.

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  1. Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes (ce3c), Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, Bloco C2, Piso 5, 1749-016, Lisboa, Portugal

    A. Santos, D. P. Godinho, A. Vizinho, F. Alves, P. Pinho, G. Penha-Lopes & C. Branquinho

  2. Centre for Natural Resources and the Environment (CERENA), Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal

    P. Pinho

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Santos, A., P. Godinho, D., Vizinho, A. et al. Artificial lakes as a climate change adaptation strategy in drylands: evaluating the trade-off on non-target ecosystem services. Mitig Adapt Strateg Glob Change 23, 887–906 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11027-017-9764-x

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