Abstract
It is essential to develop an efficient technology for the elimination of refractory contaminants due to their high toxicity. In this study, a novel underwater bubbling pulsed discharge plasma (UBPDP) system was proposed for the degradation of Orange II (OII). The degradation performance experiments showed that by enhancing the peak voltage and pulse frequency, the degradation efficiency of OII increased gradually. The removal efficiencies under different air flow rates were close. Reducing OII concentration and solution conductivity could promote the elimination of OII. Compared with neutral and alkaline conditions, acidic condition was more beneficial to OII degradation. The active species including ·OH, ·O2−, 1O2, and hydrated electrons were all involved in OII degradation. The concentrations of O3 and H2O2 in OII solution were lower than those in deionized water. During discharge, the solution pH increased while conductivity decreased. The variation of UV–vis spectra with treatment time indicated the effective decomposition of OII. Possible degradation pathways were speculated based on LC-MS. The toxicity of intermediate products was predicted by the Toxicity Estimation Software Tool. Coexisting constituents including Cl−, SO42−, HCO3−, and humic acid had a negative effect on OII removal. Finally, the comparison with other technology depicted the advantage of the UBPDP system.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
Data availability
The data used or analyzed in this study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.
References
Ansari M, Mahvi AH, Salmani MH, Sharifian M, Fallahzadeh H, Ehrampoush MH (2020) Dielectric barrier discharge plasma combined with nano catalyst for aqueous amoxicillin removal: performance modeling, kinetics and optimization study, energy yield, degradation pathway, and toxicity. Sep Purif Technol 251:117270. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seppur.2020.117270
Ansari M, Sharifian M, Ehrampoush MH, Mahvi AH, Salmani MH, Fallahzadeh H (2021) Dielectric barrier discharge plasma with photocatalysts as a hybrid emerging technology for degradation of synthetic organic compounds in aqueous environments: a critical review. Chemosphere 263:128065. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.128065
Bader H, Hoigné J (1981) Determination of ozone in water by the indigo method. Water Res 15:449–456
Cabrellon G, Tampieri F, Rossa A, Barbon A, Marotta E, Paradisi C (2020) Application of fluorescence-based probes for the determination of superoxide in water treated with air non-thermal plasma. ACS Sens 5:2866–2875. https://doi.org/10.1021/acssensors.0c01042
Cai C, Liu J, Zhang Z, Zheng Y, Zhang H (2016a) Visible light enhanced heterogeneous photo-degradation of Orange II by zinc ferrite (ZnFe2O4) catalyst with the assistance of persulfate. Sep Purif Technol 165:42–52. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seppur.2016.03.026
Cai C, Zhang H, Zhong X, Hou L (2015) Ultrasound enhanced heterogeneous activation of peroxymonosulfate by a bimetallic Fe-Co/SBA-15 catalyst for the degradation of Orange II in water. J Hazard Mater 283:70–79. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2014.08.053
Cai C, Zhang Z, Liu J, Shan N, Zhang H, Dionysiou DD (2016b) Visible light-assisted heterogeneous Fenton with ZnFe2O4 for the degradation of Orange II in water. Appl Catal B-Environ 182:456–468. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apcatb.2015.09.056
Cai C, Zhang Z, Zhang H (2016c) Electro-assisted heterogeneous activation of persulfate by Fe/SBA-15 for the degradation of Orange II. J Hazard Mater 313:209–218. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2016.04.007
Cao Y, Qu G, Li T, Jiang N, Wang T (2018) Review on reactive species in water treatment using electrical discharge plasma: formation, measurement, mechanisms and mass transfer. Plasma Sci Technol 20:103001. https://doi.org/10.1088/2058-6272/aacff4
Chen B, Zhu C, Fei J, Jiang Y, Yin C, Su W, He X, Li Y, Chen Q, Ren Q, Chen Y (2019) Reaction kinetics of phenols and p-nitrophenols in flowing aerated aqueous solutions generated by a discharge plasma jet. J Hazard Mater 363:55–63. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2018.09.051
Chen H, Zhang ZL, Hu DM, Chen CH, Zhang YX, He SJ, Wang JL (2021) Catalytic ozonation of norfloxacin using Co3O4/C composite derived from ZIF-67 as catalyst. Chemosphere 265:129047. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.129047
Du C, Shi T, Sun Y, Zhuang X (2008) Decolorization of Acid Orange 7 solution by gas-liquid gliding arc discharge plasma. J Hazard Mater 154:1192–1197. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2007.11.032
Feng L, van Hullebusch ED, Rodrigo MA, Esposito G, Oturan MA (2013) Removal of residual anti-inflammatory and analgesic pharmaceuticals from aqueous systems by electrochemical advanced oxidation processes. A review. Chem Eng J 228:944–964. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2013.05.061
Feng S, Xiao B, Wu M, Wang Y, Chen R, Liu H (2020) Copper phosphide: a dual-catalysis-center catalyst for the efficient activation of peroxydisulfate and degradation of Orange II. Sep Purif Technol 248:117004. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seppur.2020.117004
Gao B, Chen W, Dong S, Liu J, Liu T, Wang L, Sillanpaa M (2017) Polypyrrole/ZnIn2S4 composite photocatalyst for enhanced mineralization of chloramphenicol under visible light. J Photoch Photobio A 349:115–123. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jphotochem.2017.09.018
Giannakis S, Lin K-YA, Ghanbari F (2021) A review of the recent advances on the treatment of industrial wastewaters by sulfate radical-based advanced oxidation processes (SR-AOPs). Chem Eng J 406:127083. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2020.127083
Goto H, Hanada Y, Ohno T, Matsumura M (2004) Quantitative analysis of superoxide ion and hydrogen peroxide produced from molecular oxygen on photoirradiated TiO2 particles. J Catal 225:223–229. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcat.2004.04.001
Guo H, Jiang N, Wang H, Lu N, Shang K, Li J, Wu Y (2019) Pulsed discharge plasma assisted with graphene-WO3 nanocomposites for synergistic degradation of antibiotic enrofloxacin in water. Chem Eng J 372:226–240. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2019.04.119
Guo H, Wang H, Wu Q, Zhou G, Yi C (2016) Kinetic analysis of acid orange 7 degradation by pulsed discharge plasma combined with activated carbon and the synergistic mechanism exploration. Chemosphere 159:221–227. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.05.092
Guo X, Jia J, Xu Y, Meng Q, Zha F, Tang X, Tian H (2021) FeS2-Fe1-xS heterostructure as a high-efficient Fenton-like catalyst for ultrafast degradation of orange II. Appl Surf Sci 556:149786. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2021.149786
Hu Y, Chen D, Zhang R, Ding Y, Ren Z, Fu M, Cao X, Zeng G (2021) Singlet oxygen-dominated activation of peroxymonosulfate by passion fruit shell derived biochar for catalytic degradation of tetracycline through a non-radical oxidation pathway. J Hazard Mater 419:126495. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.126495
Hua W, Kang Y (2021) Pulsed discharge plasma on water surface coupled with CaFe2O4/Bi2O3 composites for synergistic degradation of aqueous tetracycline hydrochloride. Sep Purif Technol 279:119691. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seppur.2021.119691
Hua W, Kang Y, Liu S (2022) Synergistic removal of aqueous ciprofloxacin hydrochloride by water surface plasma coupled with peroxymonosulfate activation. Sep Purif Technol 303:122301. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seppur.2022.122301
Iervolino G, Vaiano V, Palma V (2019) Enhanced removal of water pollutants by dielectric barrier discharge non-thermal plasma reactor. Sep Purif Technol 215:155–162. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seppur.2019.01.007
Jiang B, Zheng J, Qiu S, Wu M, Zhang Q, Yan Z, Xue Q (2014) Review on electrical discharge plasma technology for wastewater remediation. Chem Eng J 236:348–368. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2013.09.090
Kuang L, Zhao Y, Liu L (2011) Photodegradation of Orange II by mesoporous TiO2. J Environ Monit 13:2496–2501. https://doi.org/10.1039/c1em10361j
Kumar A, Skoro N, Gernjak W, Povrenovic D, Puac N (2022) Direct and indirect treatment of organic dye (acid blue 25) solutions by using cold atmospheric plasma jet. Front Phys 10. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphy.2022.835635
Li W, Zhou R, Zhou R, Weerasinghe J, Zhang T, Gissibl A, Cullen PJ, Speight R, Ostrikov K (2022) Insights into amoxicillin degradation in water by non-thermal plasmas. Chemosphere 291:132757. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.132757
Li X, Liu L (2021) Recent advances in nanoscale zero-valent iron/oxidant system as a treatment for contaminated water and soil. J Environ Chem Eng 9:106276. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jece.2021.106276
Li XD, Shen JL, Sun ZQ, Liu YQ, Zhang WW, Wu B, Ma FJ, Gu QB (2021a) Degradation of 2,4-dinitrotoluene using ferrous activated persulfate: kinetics, mechanisms, and effects of natural water matrices. J Environ Chem Eng 9:106048. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jece.2021.106048
Li Z, Wang Y, Guo H, Pan S, Puyang C, Su Y, Qiao W, Han J (2021b) Insights into water film DBD plasma driven by pulse power for ibuprofen elimination in water: performance, mechanism and degradation route. Sep Purif Technol 277:119415. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seppur.2021.119415
Lu J, Wei X, Chang Y, Tian S, Xiong Y (2016) Role of Mg in mesoporous MgFe2O4 for efficient catalytic ozonation of Acid Orange II. J Chem Technol Biotechnol 91:985–993. https://doi.org/10.1002/jctb.4667
Ma S, Lee S, Kim K, Im J, Jeon H (2021) Purification of organic pollutants in cationic thiazine and azo dye solutions using plasma-based advanced oxidation process via submerged multi-hole dielectric barrier discharge. Sep Purif Technol 255:117715. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seppur.2020.117715
Magureanu M, Bradu C, Parvulescu VI (2018) Plasma processes for the treatment of water contaminated with harmful organic compounds. J Phys D Appl Phys 51:313002. https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6463/aacd9c
Malik SN, Ghosh PC, Vaidya AN, Mudliar SN (2020) Hybrid ozonation process for industrial wastewater treatment: principles and applications: a review. J Water Process Eng 35:101193. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jwpe.2020.101193
Meng FY, Lin CB, Song B, Yu L, Zhao Y, Zhi ZJ, Song M (2022) Synergistic effect of underwater arc discharge plasma and Fe2O3-CoFe2O4 enhanced PMS activation to efficiently degrade refractory organic pollutants. Sep Purif Technol 290:120834. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seppur.2022.120834
Meropoulis S, Rassias G, Bekiari V, Aggelopoulos CA (2021) Structure-degradation efficiency studies in the remediation of aqueous solutions of dyes using nanosecond-pulsed DBD plasma. Sep Purif Technol 274:119031. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seppur.2021.119031
Mozia S (2010) Photocatalytic membrane reactors (PMRs) in water and wastewater treatment. A review. Sep Purif Technol 73:71–91. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seppur.2010.03.021
Qin L, Wang Z, Fu Y, Lai C, Liu X, Li B, Liu S, Yi H, Li L, Zhang M, Li Z, Cao W, Niu Q (2021) Gold nanoparticles-modified MnFe2O4 with synergistic catalysis for photo-Fenton degradation of tetracycline under neutral pH. J Hazard Mater 414:125448. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.125448
Qiu JL, Li DW, Jing SC, Qiu H, Liu FQ (2022) Advanced technique of catalytic ozonation-enhanced coagulation for the efficient removal of low coagulability refractory organics from secondary effluent. Chemosphere 303:135157. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.135157
Rashid MM, Chowdhury M, Talukder MR (2020) Textile wastewater treatment by underwater parallel-multi-tube air discharge plasma jet. J Environ Chem Eng 8:104504. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jece.2020.104504
Sellers RM (1980) Spectrophotometric determination of hydrogen peroxide using potassium titanium(IV) oxalate. Analyst 105:950–954
Shang K, Morent R, Wang N, Wang Y, Peng B, Jiang N, Lu N, Li J (2022) Degradation of sulfamethoxazole (SMX) by water falling film DBD plasma/persulfate: reactive species identification and their role in SMX degradation. Chem Eng J 431:133916. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2021.133916
Shang K, Wang X, Li J, Wang H, Lu N, Jiang N, Wu Y (2017) Synergetic degradation of Acid Orange 7 (AO7) dye by DBD plasma and persulfate. Chem Eng J 311:378–384. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2016.11.103
Shao T, Wang RX, Zhang C, Yan P (2018) Atmospheric-pressure pulsed discharges and plasmas: mechanism, characteristics and applications. High Volt 3:14–20. https://doi.org/10.1049/hve.2016.0014
Song R, Li H, Kang Z, Zhong R, Wang Y, Zhang Y, Qu G, Wang T (2021) Surface plasma induced elimination of antibiotic-resistant Escherichia coli and resistance genes: antibiotic resistance, horizontal gene transfer, and mechanisms. Sep Purif Technol 275:119185. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seppur.2021.119185
Sotelo JL, Beltrán FJ, Benitez FJ, Beltrán-Heredia J (1989) Henry’s law constant for the ozone-water system. Water Res 23:1239–1246
Thomas N, Dionysiou DD, Pillai SC (2021) Heterogeneous Fenton catalysts: a review of recent advances. J Hazard Mater 404:124082. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.124082
Tiya-Djowe A, Laminsi S, Noupeyi GL, Gaigneaux EM (2015) Non-thermal plasma synthesis of sea-urchin like alpha-FeOOH for the catalytic oxidation of Orange II in aqueous solution. Appl Catal B-Environ 176:99–106. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apcatb.2015.03.053
Topolovec B, Skoro N, Puac N, Petrovic M (2022) Pathways of organic micropollutants degradation in atmospheric pressure plasma processing - a review. Chemosphere 294:133606. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.133606
Velegraki T, Poulios I, Charalabaki M, Kalogerakis N, Samaras P, Mantzavinos D (2006) Photocatalytic and sonolytic oxidation of acid orange 7 in aqueous solution. Appl Catal B-Environ 62:159–168. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apcatb.2005.07.007
Wang C, Qu G, Wang T, Deng F, Liang D (2018) Removal of tetracycline antibiotics from wastewater by pulsed corona discharge plasma coupled with natural soil particles. Chem Eng J 346:159–170. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2018.03.149
Wang H, Mao D, Cao W, Yan X (2020) Analysis of the critical active species for methylene blue decoloration in a dielectric barrier discharge plasma system. Plasma Sci Technol 22:105504. https://doi.org/10.1088/2058-6272/aba345
Wang S, Zhao X, Liu Z, Yang X, Pang B, Gao Y, Zhou R, Xu D, Zhang J, Zhang T, Kong MG (2023a) Violet phosphorus-Fe3O4 as a novel photocatalysis-self-Fenton system coupled with underwater bubble plasma to efficiently remove norfloxacin in water. Chem Eng J 452:139481. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2022.139481
Wang T, Qu G, Ren J, Yan Q, Sun Q, Liang D, Hu S (2016a) Evaluation of the potentials of humic acid removal in water by gas phase surface discharge plasma. Water Res 89:28–38. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2015.11.039
Wang TY, Zhao C, Meng LH, Li YJ, Chu HY, Wang F, Tao YR, Liu W, Wang CC (2023b) In-situ-construction of BiOI/UiO-66 heterostructure via nanoplate-on-octahedron: a novel p-n heterojunction photocatalyst for efficient sulfadiazine elimination. Chem Eng J 451:138624. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2022.138624
Wang X, Xu P, Yang C, Shen T, Qu J, Wang P, Zhang G (2021) Enhanced 4-FP removal with MnFe2O4 catalysts under dielectric barrier discharge plasma: economical synthesis, catalytic performance and degradation mechanism. J Hazard Mater 414:125602. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.125602
Wang Y, Huang J, Guo H, Puyang C, Han J, Li Y, Ruan Y (2022a) Mechanism and process of sulfamethoxazole decomposition with persulfate activated by pulse dielectric barrier discharge plasma. Sep Purif Technol 287:120540. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seppur.2022.120540
Wang Y, Shen C, Zhang M, Zhang B-T, Yu Y-G (2016b) The electrochemical degradation of ciprofloxacin using a SnO2-Sb/Ti anode: influencing factors, reaction pathways and energy demand. Chem Eng J 296:79–89. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2016.03.093
Wang ZM, Xu SH, Cai JZ, Ma JJ, Zhao GH (2022b) Perspective on photoelectrocatalytic removal of refractory organic pollutants in water systems. Acs Es&T Eng 2:1001–1014. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsestengg.1c00443
Wright A, Taglioli M, Montazersadgh F, Shaw A, Iza F, Bandulasena HCH (2019) Microbubble-enhanced DBD plasma reactor: design, characterisation and modelling. Chem Eng Res Des 144:159–173. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cherd.2019.01.030
Wu J, Zhang H, Qiu J (2012) Degradation of Acid Orange 7 in aqueous solution by a novel electro/Fe2+/peroxydisulfate process. J Hazard Mater 215:138–145. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2012.02.047
Xia Y, Wang G, Guo L, Dai Q, Ma X (2020) Electrochemical oxidation of Acid Orange 7 azo dye using a PbO2 electrode: parameter optimization, reaction mechanism and toxicity evaluation. Chemosphere 241:125010. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.125010
Xiong CY, Ren QF, Liu XY, Jin Z, Ding Y, Zhu HT, Li JP, Chen RR (2021) Fenton activity on RhB degradation of magnetic g-C3N4/diatomite/Fe3O4 composites. Appl Surf Sci 543:148844. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2020.148844
Xu Y, Guo X, Zha F, Tang X, Tian H (2020) Efficient photocatalytic removal of orange II by a Mn3O4-FeS2/Fe2O3 heterogeneous catalyst. J Environ Manag 253:109695. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2019.109695
Yang Q, Ma Y, Chen F, Yao F, Sun J, Wang S, Yi K, Hou L, Li X, Wang D (2019) Recent advances in photo-activated sulfate radical-advanced oxidation process (SR-AOP) for refractory organic pollutants removal in water. Chem Eng J 378:122149. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2019.122149
Yu Y, Wu K, Xu W, Chen D, Fang J, Zhu X, Sun J, Liang Y, Hu X, Li R, Fang Z (2021) Adsorption-photocatalysis synergistic removal of contaminants under antibiotic and Cr(VI) coexistence environment using non-metal g-C3N4 based nanomaterial obtained by supramolecular self-assembly method. J Hazard Mater 404:124171. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.124171
Zhang T, Zhou R, Wang P, Mai-Prochnow A, McConchie R, Li W, Zhou R, Thompson EW, Ostrikov K, Cullen PJ (2021) Degradation of cefixime antibiotic in water by atmospheric plasma bubbles: performance, degradation pathways and toxicity evaluation. Chem Eng J 421:127730. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2020.127730
Zhang X, Shi P, Zhao W, Lu W, Li F, Min Y, Xu Q (2022) Research on methylene blue degradation based on multineedle-to-plane liquid dielectric barrier discharge mode. Sep Purif Technol 286:120476. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seppur.2022.120476
Zhou R, Zhang T, Zhou R, Mai-Prochnow A, Ponraj SB, Fang Z, Masood H, Kananagh J, McClure D, Alam D, Ostrikov K, Cullen PJ (2021a) Underwater microplasma bubbles for efficient and simultaneous degradation of mixed dye pollutants. Sci Total Environ 750:142295. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.142295
Zhou R, Zhou R, Alam D, Zhang T, Li W, Xia Y, Mai-Prochnow A, An H, Lovell EC, Masood H, Amal R, Ostrikov KK, Cullen PJ (2021b) Plasmacatalytic bubbles using CeO2 for organic pollutant degradation. Chem Eng J 403:126413. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2020.126413
Zhou R, Zhou R, Wang P, Luang B, Zhang X, Fang Z, Xian Y, Lu X, Ostrikov KK, Bazaka K (2019) Microplasma bubbles: reactive vehicles for biofilm dispersal. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 11:20660–20669. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.9b03961
Funding
No funds, grants, or other support were received.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Contributions
Shuai Liu: conceptualization, methodology, validation, formal analysis, investigation, writing—original draft, writing—review and editing. Yong Kang: resources, supervision, project administration. Weijie Hua: investigation.
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Conflict of interest
The authors declare no competing interests.
Additional information
Responsible Editor: Guilherme Luiz Dotto
Publisher’s note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Supplementary information
ESM 1
(DOCX 4516 kb)
Rights and permissions
Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.
About this article
Cite this article
Liu, S., Kang, Y. & Hua, W. Efficient degradation of the refractory organic pollutant by underwater bubbling pulsed discharge plasma: performance, degradation pathway, and toxicity prediction. Environ Sci Pollut Res 30, 100596–100612 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-023-29432-6
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-023-29432-6