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Valorization potential of pine needle waste biomass: recent trends and future perspectives

  • Post-Covid Trends and New Insights for the Physical-Chemical-Biological Treatment of Wastewaters and Soils
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Abstract

Pines play a significant role in forest biodiversity globally and generate huge forest litter. Dry pine needles due to low ignition temperature and high frictional force with the ground catch fire quickly. Annual forest fires in the northern states of India greatly impact the Indian economy besides causing huge loss to biodiversity, livelihood, and environment. Pine needles are also considered unfit for fodder consumption due to presence of tannins. Although the presence of softwood lignin in pine needles makes it difficult to degrade easily, the presence of holocellulose (68.5%) containing 45–51% cellulose makes this biomass a potential substrate to be used in pulp-making industries for low-grade paper sheets. The good fiber length of pine needles (1.3–1.4 mm) with a diameter of 30–32 μm, maybe considered important property for paper making. The use of pine needles in the pharmaceutical and food industries are due to the presence of secondary metabolites (α-pinene, β-pinene, caryophyllene etc.). The various other potential applications of pine needles are for producing bio-ethanol (yield, 3.98%; purity, 94%), biogas (yield, 23.1 L kg−1), smokeless briquettes (calorific value, 18.77 MJ kg−1), biochar (calorific value, 25.6 MJ kg−1), bio-composites (tensile strength, 21–60 MPa), and bio-pesticides. This paper comprehensively reviews the current applications of pine needles along with its future prospective applications that can have the dual advantage of providing employment opportunities to the people along with environmental protection.

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Funding

This work is supported by Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Delhi and the University Grants Commission (UGC) (JRF of first author).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Centre for Rural Development and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi, 110016, India

    Akansha Gupta, Pooja Ghosh & Satyawati Sharma

  2. Centre for Technology, Society of Economics and Social Science, New Delhi, India

    Kalpana Arora

  3. CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute, Nagpur, India

    Sunil Kumar

Authors
  1. Akansha Gupta
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  2. Pooja Ghosh
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  3. Kalpana Arora
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  4. Satyawati Sharma
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  5. Sunil Kumar
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Contributions

Akansha Gupta: conceptualization, writing—original draft preparation; Pooja Ghosh: supervision, reviewing, and editing; Kalpana Arora: supervision, reviewing and editing; Satyawati Sharma: supervision, reviewing and editing, funding acquisition; Sunil Kumar: review editing.

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Correspondence to Pooja Ghosh.

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Gupta, A., Ghosh, P., Arora, K. et al. Valorization potential of pine needle waste biomass: recent trends and future perspectives. Environ Sci Pollut Res (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-023-27440-0

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