Abstract
We evaluated the individual and combined effects of different environmentally representative concentrations of glyphosate (0, 25, 50, 75, and 100 µg l−1) and aminomethylphosphonic acid (AMPA; 0, 12.5, 25, 37.5, and 50 µg l−1) on the physiology of Aedes aegypti larvae, as well as the capacity of the aquatic macrophyte Salvinia molesta to attenuate those compounds’ toxicological effects. Larvae of Ae. aegypti (between the third and fourth larval stages) were exposed for 48 h to glyphosate and/or AMPA in the presence or absence of S. molesta. Glyphosate and AMPA induced sublethal responses in Ae. aegypti larvae during acute exposures. Plants removed up to 49% of the glyphosate and 25% of AMPA from the water, resulting in the exposure of larvae to lower concentration of those compounds in relation to media without plants. As a result, lesser effects of glyphosate and/or AMPA were observed on larval acetylcholinesterase, P450 reductase, superoxide dismutase, mitochondrial electron transport chain enzymes, respiration rates, and lipid peroxidation. In addition to evidence of deleterious effects by media contamination with glyphosate and AMPA on aquatic invertebrates, our results attest to the ability of S. molesta plants to mitigate the toxicological impacts of those contaminants.
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This research was financed in part by the Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior of Brazil (CAPES, Finance Code 001) and by the Universidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR). P.L.F received a scholarship from UFPR, and M.P.G and M.A.N-S received productivity fellowships from CNPq.
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Mariana Perez dos Santos, Patrícia Lawane de Freitas, Ana Carolina Felício Alves, Emily Nentwing de Barros, Rafael Shinji Akiyama Kitamura: methodology, investigation, formal analysis, preparing the original draft; Marcelo Pedrosa Gomes, Volnei Paulete and Mario Antônio Navarro-Silva: conceptualization, investigation, funding acquisition, preparing the review and editing. Marcelo Pedrosa Gomes: conceptualization, methodology, investigation, formal analysis, preparation of the original draft, and review and editing, supervision, funding acquisition, and project administration.
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Gomes, M.P., dos Santos, M.P., de Freitas, P.L. et al. The aquatic macrophyte Salvinia molesta mitigates herbicides (glyphosate and aminomethylphosphonic acid) effects to aquatic invertebrates. Environ Sci Pollut Res 30, 12348–12361 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-022-23012-w
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-022-23012-w