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Determination of toxic metal burden and related risk factors in pregnant women: a biological monitoring in Sabzevar, Iran

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Abstract

Nowadays, the adverse effect of toxic metals on humans is well known, especially in the fetal period such as preventing cognitive development and congenital abnormalities of the central nervous system. Hence, this study aims to evaluate the toxic metal burden in mothers and newborns in Sabzevar. Obtained data can be useful for authorities in public health issues. To determine heavy metals in placental blood and umbilical cord blood, one hundred eighty blood samples were taken from ninety mothers referred to Shahidan Mobini Hospital for delivery. The amount of metals in samples was analyzed using inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP OES). The results of this study revealed that 21.52%, 26.19%, and 60.71% of maternal blood samples (placental blood) and 16.47%, 56.47%, and 20% of umbilical cord blood samples were higher than the US center for disease control (CDC) recommended levels for Pb, Cd, and As respectively. According to the multiple linear regression analysis, the Pb (p = 0.054), As (p < 0.001), and Se (p < 0.001) levels had an association with the mother’s living area. Also, there was a significant association between Se (0.021) and the age of the mother. However, the Se values in its optimum concentrations in the blood (60–140 μg/L) can decrease the adverse effects of toxic metals, 72.5% of the pregnant women had Se values below the 60 μg/L and only 6% of pregnant women had Se levels higher than 140 μg/L. We concluded that the mothers inhabiting the rural areas need more Se sources in their diets.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Environmental Sciences Department, Hakim Sabzevari University, Sabzevar, Iran

    Mojtaba Hadavifar & Esmail Mohammadnia

  2. Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran

    Sahar Rasaeifar & Mitra Rastakhiz

  3. Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran

    Hamid Heidarian Miri

  4. Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran

    Behnaz Souvizi

  5. Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran

    Mohammad Mohammad-Zadeh

  6. Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran

    Mohammad Mohammad-Zadeh

  7. Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran

    Rahim Akrami

  8. Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

    Rahim Akrami

  9. Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture and Environment, Arak University, Arak, Iran

    Ali Kazemi

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  1. Mojtaba Hadavifar
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Contributions

Mojtaba Hadavifar: conceptualization, methodology, writing—original draft preparation, supervision. Esmail Mohammadnia: writing—original draft, data curation, formal analysis. Sahar Rasaeifar: data curation, writing—original draft. Hamid Heidarian Miri: writing—reviewing and editing. Mitra Rastakhiz: data curation, writing—original draft preparation, sampling. Behnaz Souvizi: supervision, investigation. Mohammad Mohammad-Zadeh: writing—review and editing, validation. Rahim Akrami: software, validation, statistical methodology. Ali Kazemi: ICP OES analysis, sample preparation.

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Correspondence to Rahim Akrami.

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Hadavifar, M., Mohammadnia, E., Rasaeifar, S. et al. Determination of toxic metal burden and related risk factors in pregnant women: a biological monitoring in Sabzevar, Iran. Environ Sci Pollut Res 29, 78901–78912 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-022-20510-9

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