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Bioactivity of Deverra tortuosa essential oil, its nanoemulsion, and phenylpropanoids against the cowpea weevil, a stored grain pest with eco-toxicological evaluations

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Abstract

The essential oil (EO) was hydrodistilled from of Deverra tortuosa aerial parts. Fifty-six components amounting 99.3% were identified in EO through using gas chromatography–flame ionization detection (GC–FID) and (GC–MS). Phenylpropanoids, dillapiole (41.6%), elemicin (7.3%) and myristicin (5.1%), and the monoterpene, sabinene (4.2%) were identified as the major terpenes. An oil-in-water nanoemulsion (particle size 70.3 nm) was developed from EO adopting a low-energy method. The EO products showed insecticidal and biochemical effects against the cowpea weevil Callosobruchus maculatus. Based on a 48-h exposure period, the oil nanoemulsion exhibited a superior contact bioactivity (LC50 = 10.3 µg/cm2), followed by EO (LC50 = 23.1 µg/cm2), dillapiole (LC50 = 27.8 µg/cm2), and myristicin (LC50 = 37.1 µg/cm2). Upon fumigation, nanoemulsion and EO were superior as fumigants (LC50 after 48 h were 6.9 and 14.3 µl/l, respectively). Test materials showed a residual bioactivity against C. maculatus, where EO, dillapiole, and myristicin showed the strongest grain protecting activity. EO products significantly inhibited acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity of C. maculatus adults. Test products were safe toward the non-target earthworms and did not alter the viability of cowpea seeds. There are evidences for the potential of using EO of D. tortuosa and its nanoemulsion and phenylpropanoids as natural grain protectants against C. maculatus.

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Funding

This research is supported by the Deputy for Research and Innovation, Ministry of Education, Saudi Arabia (Grant no. NU/IFC/ENT/01/003), under the institutional Funding Committee at Najran University.

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  1. Department of Biology, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Najran University, Najran, 1988, Saudi Arabia

    Abdulrhman A. Almadiy, Gomah E. Nenaah & Bader Z. Albogami

  2. Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr El-Sheikh, 33516, Egypt

    Gomah E. Nenaah

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  1. Abdulrhman A. Almadiy
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GN: designing experiments, investigations, curation, analysis and validation of data, writing, review, and supervision. AA: funding acquisition, resources, and data curation. BA: methodology, data curation, and writing.

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Almadiy, A.A., Nenaah, G.E. & Albogami, B.Z. Bioactivity of Deverra tortuosa essential oil, its nanoemulsion, and phenylpropanoids against the cowpea weevil, a stored grain pest with eco-toxicological evaluations. Environ Sci Pollut Res 29, 65112–65127 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-022-20404-w

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