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Effect of the phosphate solubilization and mineralization synergistic mechanism of Ochrobactrum sp. on the remediation of lead

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Abstract

Phosphate-solubilizing bacteria (PSB) promotes the formation of mineralized precipitation through phosphorous dissolution and mineralization, forming stable lead (Pb(II)) minerals and reducing the migration of Pb(II) in the environment. In this study, a Pb-tolerant strain Ochrobactrum sp. J023 from a contaminated soil around a battery factory in Jiangsu Province, China, was screened for experiments to investigate the phosphate solubilization and mineralization mechanism of this strain. The organic acids and the acid phosphatase produced by the bacteria have a synergistic effect on phosphate dissolution. When the pH of the culture medium decreased to the lowest 4.55, the amount of soluble phosphate and the activity of acid phosphatase reached the maximum 161.29 mg L−1 and 61.98 U mL−1, and there was a significant correlation between the concentration of soluble phosphate and the activity of acid phosphatase (R = 0.832**, P < 0.05). It was found that acetic acid played the most important role in the secreted organic acids. During the mineralization reaction, the extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) chelates part of the Pb(II) on the surface of the cell wall, preventing the metal Pb from penetrating into the cell, thus providing protection to the strain. Meanwhile, due to the nucleation sites provided by cell surface groups (carboxyl and phosphate groups), a large number of metal ions are absorbed to promote the formation of crystallization. The final mineralized product of Pb(II) by strain J023 was pyroxite (Pb5(PO4)3X, where X = Cl, OH). The mechanism of phosphate dissolution and mineralization proposed by us is that the organic acids and acid phosphatases secreted by phosphate-solubilizing bacteria promote the increase of PO43− concentration in the solution, the complexation of metal cations and cell surface groups will induce the formation of mineralized precipitation under the catalysis of enzyme. Therefore, it is a promising strategy for bioremediation of lead pollution by screening functional strains with strong abilities of phosphate solubility and mineralization.

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Data availability

The datasets used and/or analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.

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Funding

This work was supported by the National Natural Youth Science Foundation of China (No. 41302025) and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 41541016 and 92062213).

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  1. School of Environmental and Safety Engineering, Changzhou University, Gehu Middle Road 21, Changzhou, Jiangsu, 213164, People’s Republic of China

    Yi Jiang, Xingqing Zhao, Yucheng Zhou & Congcong Ding

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  1. Yi Jiang
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Yi Jiang: validation, resources, data curation, writing—original draft, and methodology. Xing-Qing Zhao: funding acquisition, project administration, conceptualization, supervision writing—review and editing. Yu-Cheng Zhou: software, validation, and data curation. Cong-Cong Ding: investigation and validation. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

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Correspondence to Xingqing Zhao.

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Jiang, Y., Zhao, X., Zhou, Y. et al. Effect of the phosphate solubilization and mineralization synergistic mechanism of Ochrobactrum sp. on the remediation of lead. Environ Sci Pollut Res 29, 58037–58052 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-022-19960-y

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