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Role of ambient air pollution in asthma spread among various population groups of Lahore City: a case study

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Abstract

Air pollution levels rise as a result of industrial and vehicular emissions, epidemiological issues such as asthma become more prevalent in Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan and cause adverse public health effects. Many studies explored the association between air pollutants and frequency of asthma hospital visits, although their effects are unclear. This study examined the link between air pollution, asthma, and socioeconomic and demographic factors. A questionnaire survey was administered among four age groups (15–25, 25–45, 45–60, and over 60 years old) in public and private hospitals of Lahore city. Daily average concentrations of five air pollutants including carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), sulfur dioxide (SO2), ozone (O3), and particulate matter (PM2.5 and PM10) were recorded at ten fixed air monitoring sites in Lahore city. There were favorable connections between outpatient department (OPD) asthma visits (64%) and levels of outdoor air quality during winter season throughout the study period. The correlation between 1, 29, and 370 asthma patients and average daily air pollution levels found that the condition was more prevalent in females (53%) than males (47%). There was a significant correlation between PM10 exposure and asthma OPD visits in the city (p 0.001), as well as the elevated PM10 levels were substantially linked with OPD asthma visits over the winter season in the city. The hazard index (HI) for all adult population was estimated 0.001132. The study’s findings indicate that exposure to ambient air pollution is a significant predictor of asthma hospital visits, particularly among the elderly. Strategies can be developed by policymakers in response to the worrying situation of allergic disease asthma in industrial cities due to air pollution.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Sustainable Development Study Center, Government College University, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan

    Rabia Aslam, Faiza Sharif, Mujtaba Baqar & Abdul-Sattar Nizami

  2. Department of Environmental Science and Policy, Lahore School of Economics, Lahore, 53200, Pakistan

    Uzma Ashraf

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  1. Rabia Aslam
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  2. Faiza Sharif
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  3. Mujtaba Baqar
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  4. Abdul-Sattar Nizami
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Contributions

RI: Data curation, formal analysis, conceptualization, writing-original draft, and investigation. FS: Supervision, writing-review and editing, and conceptualization. MB: Co-supervision, visualization, review and editing resources, and conceptualization. A-SN: Visualization, and writing-review and editing. UA: Review and editing resources.

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Correspondence to Rabia Aslam.

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Before starting the study, proper ethical approval/permission was obtained from the Bio-ethical committee of Government College University Lahore, and the head of the department of chest wards and pulmonology departments of all the five public and private hospitals study.

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Aslam, R., Sharif, F., Baqar, M. et al. Role of ambient air pollution in asthma spread among various population groups of Lahore City: a case study. Environ Sci Pollut Res 30, 8682–8697 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-022-19086-1

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