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Can the increase in atmospheric temperature enhance the toxicity and risk of fipronil for collembolans in tropical soils?

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Abstract

We evaluated the toxicity and risk (via toxicity exposure ratio approach — TER) of the insecticide fipronil to collembolan’s growth and reproduction in three tropical soils, under increasing atmospheric temperatures. Chronic toxicity tests were performed with Folsomia candida in tropical artificial soil (TAS), oxisol, and entisol spiked with increasing concentrations of fipronil, at three room temperature scenarios: a standard (20 ± 2 °C), a tropical condition (25 ± 2 °C) and a global warming simulation (27 ± 2 °C). Temperatures influenced the fipronil effects on the species reproduction differently between soil types. In TAS and oxisol the highest toxicities (EC50-based) were found at 27 °C (EC50 TAS = 0.81, 0.70, 0.31 mg kg−1; EC50 OXISOL = 0.52, 0.54, 0.40 mg kg−1; at 20, 25, and 27 °C, respectively). In entisol, the toxicity at 27 °C was lower compared to 25 and 20 °C (EC50 ENTISOL = 0.33, 0.24, 0.12 mg kg−1, respectively). Fipronil concentrations also increased the proportion of small juveniles (growth reduction) in all tested soils. However, this effect was greater (EC10-based) at higher temperatures (25 and/or 27 °C), regardless of the soil type. TER approach revealed a significant risk of fipronil in entisol, regardless of the tested temperature, while in other soils the risk was found significant only at the higher temperatures (25 and 27 °C for TAS, and 27 °C for oxisol). These results indicate that exposures to fipronil at high temperatures (e.g., those resulting from climate change) can threaten F. candida populations, depending on the soil type.

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Fig. 1

taken from Hennig et al. (2021)

Fig. 2

taken from Hennig et al. (2021). Different letters on the top of the bars indicate differences between concentrations/control, within each soil/temperature (Tukey’s test—p ≤ 0.05)

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Data availability

The data that support the findings of this study are available and should be requested by e-mail.

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Funding

The authors thank the National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq) for the research grant (Project 407170/2016-2). DB thanks the CNPq for the Research Productivity Grant (CNPq — 305939/2018-1). AS thanks the Federal University of Fronteira Sul (process PES-2018-0959). TBH thanks the Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel (CAPES) for their master grant (process number 88882.447285/2019-01).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Soil Science, Santa Catarina State University, Av. Luis de Camões, 2090, Lages, SC, 88520000, Brazil

    Thuanne Braúlio Hennig & Dilmar Baretta

  2. Federal University of Fronteira Sul, Av. Fernando Machado, No. 108-E, Chapecó, Santa Catarina, 89802-112, Brazil

    Paulo Roger Lopes Alves, Aline Schiehl & Rafael Soares de Araújo

  3. Federal University of Fronteira Sul, Av. Jacob Reinaldo Haupenthal, 1580, Cerro Largo, RS, 97900000, Brazil

    Liziara da Costa Cabrera & Rafaela Roberta Morelato

  4. Centro de Educação Superior do Oeste, Santa Catarina State University, Beloni Trombeta Zanin, 680-E, Chapecó, SC, 89815-630, Brazil

    Dilmar Baretta

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  1. Thuanne Braúlio Hennig
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  2. Paulo Roger Lopes Alves
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TBH: conceptualization, data curation, formal analysis, investigation, writing — original draft. PRLA: conceptualization, formal analysis, funding acquisition, investigation, project administration, resources, supervision, writing — review and editing. AS: investigation, formal analysis. RSA: investigation. LCC: investigation, data curation, formal analysis. RBM: investigation. DB: conceptualization, resources, supervision, writing — review and editing.

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Correspondence to Paulo Roger Lopes Alves.

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Hennig, T.B., Lopes Alves, P.R., Schiehl, A. et al. Can the increase in atmospheric temperature enhance the toxicity and risk of fipronil for collembolans in tropical soils?. Environ Sci Pollut Res 29, 27104–27114 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-021-18349-7

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