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Assessment of disease burden in the arsenic exposed population of Chapar village of Samastipur district, Bihar, India, and related mitigation initiative

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Abstract

Fast growing arsenic menace is causing serious health hazards in Bihar, India, with an estimated 10 million people at risk. The exposed population is often unaware of the problem, which only amplifies the burden of arsenic health effects. In the present study, we have assessed the current situation of arsenic exposure in Chapar village of Samastipur district, Bihar. The health of the inhabitants was assessed and correlated with (1) arsenic concentrations in the groundwater of individual wells and (2) arsenic concentration found in their hair and urine. Altogether, 113 inhabitants were assessed, and 113 hair, urine and groundwater samples were collected. The health study reveals that the exposure to arsenic has caused serious health hazard amongst the exposed population with pronounced skin manifestations, loss of appetite, anaemia, constipation, diarrhoea, general body weakness, raised blood pressure, breathlessness, diabetes, mental disabilities, diabetes, lumps in the body and few cancer incidences. It was found that 52% of the total collected groundwater samples had arsenic levels higher than the WHO limit of 10 µg/l (with a maximum arsenic concentration of 1212 µg/l) and the reduced arsenite was the predominant form in samples tested for speciation (N = 19). In the case of hair samples, 29% of the samples had arsenic concentrations higher than the permissible limit of 0.2 mg/kg, with a maximum arsenic concentration of 46 µg/l, while in 20% exposed population, there was significant arsenic contamination in urine samples > 50 µg/l. In Chapar village, the probability of carcinogenic-related risk in the exposed population consuming arsenic contaminated water is 100% for children, 99.1% for females and 97.3% for male subjects. The assessment report shared to the government enabled the village population to receive two arsenic filter units. These units are currently operational and catering 250 households providing arsenic-free water through piped water scheme. This study therefore identified a significant solution for this arsenic-exposed population.

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Acknowledgements

The authors acknowledge support extended by Mahavir Cancer Sansthan and Research Centre, Patna for providing laboratory and other infrastructural facilities for this study. The authors also thank the State Government for installing these arsenic filter units in this severely arsenic exposed village.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Mahavir Cancer Sansthan and Research Centre, Phulwarisharif, Patna, 801505, Bihar, India

    Arun Kumar, Md. Samiur Rahman, Mohammad Ali, Pintoo Kumar Niraj, Mukesh Kumar & Ashok Kumar Ghosh

  2. University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK

    Pascal Salaun & Arthur Gourain

  3. Central Ground Water Board, Patna, Bihar, India

    Suresh Kumar

  4. Central University of Himachal Pradesh, Kangra, HP, India

    Ranjit Kumar

  5. Amity Institute of Molecular Medicine & Stem Cell Research (AIMMSCR), Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Noida, India

    Dhruv Kumar

  6. Geological Survey of India, Patna, Bihar, India

    Akhouri Bishwapriya & Shreya Singh

  7. National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hajipur, Bihar, India

    Krishna Murti & Sameer Dhingra

  8. The University of Tokyo, Chiba, Japan

    Maiko Sakamoto

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  1. Arun Kumar
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  2. Md. Samiur Rahman
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  3. Mohammad Ali
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  16. Ashok Kumar Ghosh
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Contributions

AK and AKG conceptualised the entire work. AK is the principal author and had the major contributions in writing the manuscript but support was also provided by AKG, PS, MS, AB, MA, RK and MSR. Literature search was done by MSR, MK and PKN. Experimental work and data analysis were done by PS, PKN, MSR, SD, KM and AG. Geospatial mapping figures were designed by SS and AB. Heatmap figures were designed by MS. Arsenic risk assessment study was done by SK. Final data interpretation was done by AK, AKG, PS, MS, MA, RK, DK, KM, SD, SK and AB. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Arun Kumar.

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Ethicals approval

Ethical approval was obtained from the Institutional Ethics Committee (IEC) of Mahavir Cancer Sansthan and Research Centre with IEC No. MCS/IEC/2019, dated 10/01/2019 (agenda no. 07). The study was carried out between January 2019 and December 2019. Informed consent was obtained before the collection of the biological samples from the studied subjects.

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For any of the clarification related to the publication of the article, the authors provide the consent.

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The authors give the consent to publish our research data.

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The authors declare no competing interests.

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Kumar, A., Rahman, M.S., Ali, M. et al. Assessment of disease burden in the arsenic exposed population of Chapar village of Samastipur district, Bihar, India, and related mitigation initiative. Environ Sci Pollut Res 29, 27443–27459 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-021-18207-6

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-021-18207-6

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