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The interrelationships among financial development, economic growth and environmental sustainability: evidence from Ghana

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Abstract

A well established and developed financial system encourages savings and investment which stimulates economic growth. However, the link between financial development and the environment is ambiguous. In general, the role that the environment plays in the finance-growth nexus has received less attention, to the best of our knowledge. Against this backdrop, this study aims to examine the interrelationships among economic growth, financial development and carbon dioxide emissions for Ghana over the period of 1971–2018. To correct for a possible endogeneity problem, the three-stage least-square (3SLS) technique was employed. The results revealed that there is a bidirectional relationship between financial development and economic growth; and a unidirectional relationship from financial development to carbon dioxide emission. However, carbon dioxide emission has a neutral effect on economic growth and financial development. Economic growth exhibits an inverted U-shaped relationship with carbon dioxide emission, confirming the existence of the environmental Kuznets curve hypothesis in Ghana. Policymakers should consider the critical roles of financial development in achieving environmentally friendly growth in Ghana.

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Data availability

The datasets analysed during the current study are available in the World Bank’s World Development Indicators repository (https://databank.worldbank.org/source/world-development-indicators#).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Applied Economics and Management Sciences, University for Development Studies, Tamale, Ghana

    Hamdiyah Alhassan & Samuel Arkoh Donkoh

  2. Kazuhiko Takeuchi Centre for Sustainability and Resilience, University for Development Studies, Tamale, Ghana

    Hamdiyah Alhassan

  3. School of Management Sciences and Law, University of Energy and Natural Resources, Sunyani, Ghana

    Paul Adjei Kwakwa

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  1. Hamdiyah Alhassan
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  2. Paul Adjei Kwakwa
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All authors conceived research idea. HA built and analysed the data; PAK did literature review and discussed results; all authors read and approved the final manuscript.

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Correspondence to Paul Adjei Kwakwa.

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Alhassan, H., Kwakwa, P.A. & Donkoh, S.A. The interrelationships among financial development, economic growth and environmental sustainability: evidence from Ghana. Environ Sci Pollut Res 29, 37057–37070 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-021-17963-9

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