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Acute and chronic toxicities of prothioconazole and its metabolite prothioconazole-desthio in Daphnia magna

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Abstract

Current research on prothioconazole (PTC), a broad-spectrum triazole fungicide, mainly focuses on its efficacy and residues; only a few studies have been assessing its toxicological effects. Using acute and chronic toxicity tests, we assessed the effects of PTC and its metabolite prothioconazole-desthio (PTCd) on the inhibition of the activity, growth, and reproduction of Daphnia magna. A dose–response relationship was established to determine sensitive biological indicators. In the acute and chronic toxicity tests, the 48-h EC50 (concentration for 50% of the maximal effect) of PTC and PTCd for D. magna were 2.82 and 5.19 mg/L and 0.0807 and 0.132 mg/L, respectively; in the latter test, PTC was 1.64 times more toxic than PTCd. Acute-to-chronic toxicity ratios were calculated using chronic toxicity data; the ratios were 227 and 27.5 for PTC and PTCd, respectively. Our results indicate that both PTC and PTCd affect the growth and reproduction of D. magna and that the toxicity of PTC is greater than that of PTCd. In conclusion, the metabolites of PTD are toxic to D. magna at certain concentrations, and their environmental risks should not be neglected.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute of Agro-Product Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, Zhejiang, China

    An Xuehua, Lui Xinju, Jiang Jinhua, Wang Feidi, Lv Lu, Li Gang, Wu Shenggan & Zhao Xueping

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  1. An Xuehua
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  2. Lui Xinju
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  3. Jiang Jinhua
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  4. Wang Feidi
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  5. Lv Lu
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  6. Li Gang
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  7. Wu Shenggan
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  8. Zhao Xueping
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Contributions

All authors contributed to the study conception and design. LX, JJ, WF, LL, LG, WS, and ZX prepared the material and performed data collection and analysis. AX wrote the first draft of the manuscript, and all authors commented on the previous versions of the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

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Correspondence to Zhao Xueping.

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Xuehua, A., Xinju, L., Jinhua, J. et al. Acute and chronic toxicities of prothioconazole and its metabolite prothioconazole-desthio in Daphnia magna. Environ Sci Pollut Res 29, 54467–54475 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-021-17863-y

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-021-17863-y

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