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Forty years studies on polychlorinated biphenyls pollution, food safety, health risk, and human health in an e-waste recycling area from Taizhou city, China: a review

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A Correction to this article was published on 23 December 2021

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Abstract

E-waste generation has become a serious environmental challenge worldwide. Taizhou of Zhejiang Province, situated on the southeast coastline of China, has been one of the major e-waste dismantling areas in China for the last 40 years. In this review, we focused on the polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) trends in environmental compartments, burden and impact to humans, food safety, and health risk assessment from Taizhou, China. The review suggested that PCBs showed dynamic trends in air, soil, water, biodiversity, and sediments. Soils and fish samples indicated higher levels of PCBs than sediments, air, water, and food items. PCB levels decreased in soils with the passage of time. Agriculture soils near the e-waste recycling sites showed more levels of total PCBs than industrial soils and urban soils. Dioxin-like PCB levels were higher in humans near Taizhou, suggesting that e-waste pollution could influence humans. Compared with large-scale plants, simple household workshops contributed more pollution of PCBs to the environment. Pollution index, hazard quotient, and daily intake were higher for PCBs, suggesting Taizhou should be given priority to manage the e-waste pollution. The elevated body burden may have health implications for the next generation. The areas with stricter control measures, strengthened laws and regulations, and more environmentally friendly techniques indicated reduced levels of PCBs. For environment protection and health safety, proper e-waste dismantling techniques, environmentally sound management, awareness, and regular monitoring are very important.

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This is a review paper based on the previously published papers. Table data was generated based on the papers cited and used in the review papers. Figures were redrawn and properly acknowledged.

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Acknowledgements

Special thanks to the Higher Education Commission of Pakistan NRPU projects 7958 and 7964. Further thanks to the Pakistan Science Foundation project PSF/Res/CP/C-CUI/Envr (151), the Pakistan Academy of Sciences project 3-9/PAS/98 for funding, and the National Natural Science Foundation of China 21876149. National Natural Science Foundation of China (42077125).

Funding

Higher Education Commission of Pakistan NRPU projects 7958 and 7964, Pakistan Science Foundation project PSF/Res/CP/C-CUI/Envr (151), Pakistan Academy of Sciences project 3-9/PAS/98 for funding, and National Natural Science Foundation of China 21876149. National Natural Science Foundation of China (42077125).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Environmental Engineering, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China

    Muhammad Zaffar Hashmi, Kezhen Chen, Xianjin Tang, Aili Li & Chaofeng Shen

  2. Department of Chemistry, COMSATS University Islamabad, Islamabad, Pakistan

    Muhammad Zaffar Hashmi

  3. College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan

    Foqia Khalid

  4. College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 310036, China

    Chunna Yu

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  1. Muhammad Zaffar Hashmi
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  2. Kezhen Chen
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  3. Foqia Khalid
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  4. Chunna Yu
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  5. Xianjin Tang
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  6. Aili Li
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  7. Chaofeng Shen
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Contributions

Muhammad Zaffar Hashmi wrote the paper, developed the idea, and supervised. Kezhen Chen, Foqia Khalid, Chunna Yu, Xianjin Tang, and Aili Li revised the manuscript. Chaofeng Shen supervised and wrote some parts of the paper.

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Correspondence to Muhammad Zaffar Hashmi or Chaofeng Shen.

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Hashmi, M.Z., Chen, K., Khalid, F. et al. Forty years studies on polychlorinated biphenyls pollution, food safety, health risk, and human health in an e-waste recycling area from Taizhou city, China: a review. Environ Sci Pollut Res 29, 4991–5005 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-021-17516-0

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