Abstract
The overuse of antibiotics and their disposal without processing are leading the environment and its inhabitants towards a serious health emergency. There is abundance of diverse antibiotic resistance genes and bacteria in environment, which demands immediate attention for the effective removal of antibiotics. There are physical and chemical methods for removal, but the generation of toxic byproducts has directed the efforts towards bioremediation for eco-friendly and sustainable elimination of antibiotics from the environment. Various effective and reliable bioremediation approaches have been used, but still antibiotic residues pose a major global threat. Recent developments in molecular and synthetic biology might offer better solution for engineering of microbe–metabolite biodevices and development of novel strains endowed with desirable properties. This review summarizes the impact of antibiotics on environment, mechanisms of resistance development, and different bioremediation approaches.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
Data availability
Not applicable
References
Abbasi E, Mondanizadeh M, van Belkum A, Ghaznavi-Rad E (2020) Multi-drug-resistant diarrheagenic Escherichia coli pathotypes in pediatric patients with gastroenteritis from Central Iran. Infect Drug Resist 13:1387–1396. https://doi.org/10.2147/IDR.S247732
Afridi OK, Ali J, Chang JH (2020) Next-generation sequencing based gut resistome profiling of broiler chickens infected with multidrug-resistant Escherichia coli. Animals. 10(12):2350. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani10122350
Akimenko YV, Kazeev KS, Kolesnikov SI (2015) Impact assessment of soil contamination with antibiotics (for example, an ordinary chernozem). Am J Appl Sci 12(2):80–88. https://doi.org/10.3844/ajassp.2015.80.88
Alemayehu T, Tadesse E, Ayalew S, Nigusse B, Yeshitila B, Amsalu A, Assefa A (2019) High burden of nosocomial infections caused by multi-drug resistant pathogens in pediatric patients at Hawassa University Comprehensive Specialized Hospital. Ethiop Med J 58:45–55
Alygizakis NA, Gago-Ferrero P, Borova VL, Pavlidou A, Hatzianestis I, Thomaidis NS (2016) Occurrence and spatial distribution of 158 pharmaceuticals, drugs of abuse and related metabolites in offshore seawater. Sci Total Environ 541:1097–1105
Amador P, Fernandes R, Prudencio C, Duarte I (2019) Prevalence of antibiotic resistance genes in multidrug-resistant Enterobacteriaceae on Portuguese livestock manure. J Antibiotics 8(1):23. https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics8010023
Arpin-Pont L, Bueno MJM, Gomez E, Fenet H (2016) Occurrence of PPCPs in the marine environment: a review. J Environ Sci Pollut Res 23(6):4978–4991. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-014-3617
Arvidsson R (2018) Risk assessments show engineered nanomaterials to be of low environmental concern. Environ Sci Technol 52(5):2436–2437. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.8b00754
Ashrafi SD, Nasseri S, Alimohammadi M, Mahvi AH, Faramarzi MA (2016) Optimization of the enzymatic elimination of flumequine by laccase-mediated system using response surface methodology. J Desalination Water Treat 57(31):14478–14487. https://doi.org/10.1080/19443994.2015.1063462
Awad YM, Ok YS, Igalavithana AD, Lee YH, Sonn YK, Usman AR, Lee SS (2016) Sulphamethazine in poultry manure changes carbon and nitrogen mineralization in soils. J Chem Ecol 32(10):899–918. https://doi.org/10.1080/02757540.2016.1216104cao
Baaloudj O, Assadi AA, Azizi M, Kenfoud H, Trari M, Amrane A, Assadi AA, Nasrallah N (2021) Synthesis and characterization of ZnBi2O4 nanoparticles: photocatalytic performance for antibiotic removal under different light sources. Appl Sci 11:3975. https://doi.org/10.3390/app11093975
Baran W, Adamek E, Włodarczyk A, Lazur J, Opoka W, Muszynska B (2021) The remediation of sulfonamides from the environment by Pleurotus eryngii mycelium. Efficiency, products and mechanisms of mycodegradation. Chemosphere. 262:128026. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.128026
Becker D, Della Giustina SV, Rodriguez-Mozaz S, Schoevaart R, Barcelo D, de Cazes M, Wagner M (2016) Removal of antibiotics in wastewater by enzymatic treatment with fungal laccase-degradation of compounds does not always eliminate toxicity. Bioresour Technol 21:500–509. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2016.08.004
Bikard D, Euler CW, Jiang W, Nussenzweig PM, Goldberg GW, Duportet X, Marraffini LA (2014) Exploiting CRISPR-Cas nucleases to produce sequence-specific antimicrobials. J Nat Biotechnol 32(11):1146–1150. https://doi.org/10.1038/nbt.3043
Bottery MJ, Pitchford JW, Friman VP (2021) Ecology and evolution of antimicrobial resistance in bacterial communities. ISME J 15:939. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41396-020-00832-7
Boy-Roura M, Mas-Pla J, Petrovic M, Gros M, Soler D, Brusi D, Mencio A (2018) Towards the understanding of antibiotic occurrence and transport in groundwater: findings from the Baix Fluvia alluvial aquifer (NE Catalonia, Spain). J Sci Total Environ 612:1387–1406. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.09.012
Cao L, Zhang J, Zhao R, Deng Y, Liu J, Fu W, Lei Y, Zhang T, Li X, Li B (2019) Genomic characterization, kinetics, and pathways of sulfamethazine biodegradation by Paenarthrobacter sp. A01. Environ Int 131:04961. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2019.104961
Carvalho IT, Santos L (2016) Antibiotics in the aquatic environments: a review of the European scenario. J Environ Int 94:736–757. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2016.06.025
CDC (2019) Antibiotic resistance threats in the United States. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Atlanta. https://doi.org/10.15620/cdc:82532
Cecen F, Gul G (2020) Biodegradation of five pharmaceuticals: estimation by predictive models and comparison with activated sludge data. Int J Environ Sci Technol 1-14. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13762-020-02820-y
Chen W, Liu W, Pan N, Jiao W, Wang M (2013) Oxytetracycline on functions and structure of soil microbial community. J Soil Sci Plant Nutr 13(4):967–975. https://doi.org/10.4067/S0718-95162013005000076
Chen QL, Li H, Zhou XY, Zhao Y, Su JQ, Zhang X, Huang FY (2017) An underappreciated hotspot of antibiotic resistance: the ground water near the municipal solid waste landfill. J Sci Total Environ 609:966–973. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.07.164
Cheng J, Du H, Zhang T, Wang W (2017) Isolation and identification of tetracyclines degrading bacteria. J Nucl Agric Sci 31:884–888. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2017.05.0884
Citorik RJ, Mimee M, Lu TK (2014) Sequence-specific antimicrobials using efficiently delivered RNA-guided nucleases. J Nat Biotechnol 32(11):1141–1145. https://doi.org/10.1038/nbt.3011
Cooper RM, Tsimring L, Hasty J (2017) Inter-species population dynamics enhance microbial horizontal gene transfer and spread of antibiotic resistance. eLife Sci 6:e25950. https://doi.org/10.7554/eLife.25950.002
Crane M, Boxall ABA, Barrett, K (Eds.) (2009) Veterinary Medicines in the Environment. CRC Press. https://doi.org/10.1201/9781420084771
Cui H, Wang SP, Fu J, Zhou ZQ, Zhang N, Guo L (2014) Influence of ciprofloxacin on microbial community structure and function in soils. J Biol Fertil Soils 50(6):939–947. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00374-014-0914-y
Cycon M, Orlewska K, Markowicz A, Żmijowska A, Smoleń-Dzirba J, Bratosiewicz-Wąsik J, Piotrowska-Seget Z (2018) Vancomycin and/or multidrug-resistant Citrobacter freundii altered the metabolic pattern of soil microbial community. Front Microbiol 9:1047. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2018.01047
Czekalski N, Diez EG, Burgmann H (2014) Wastewater as a point source of antibiotic-resistance genes in the sediment of a freshwater lake. J Microb Ecol 8(7):1381–1390. https://doi.org/10.1038/ismej.2014.8
Czekalski N, Sigdel R, Birtel J, Matthews B, Burgmann H (2015) Does human activity impact the natural antibiotic resistance background? Abundance of antibiotic resistance genes in 21 Swiss lakes. J Environ Int 81:45–55. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2015.04.005
Dandachi I, Chabou S, Daoud Z, Rolain JM (2018) Prevalence and emergence of extended-spectrum cephalosporin, carbapenem and colistin resistant gram negative bacteria of animal origin in the Mediterranean basin. Front Microbiol 9:2299. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2018.02299
de Cazes MD, Belleville MP, Mougel M, Kellner H, Sanchez-Marcano J (2015) Characterization of laccase-grafted ceramic membranes for pharmaceuticals degradation. J Membr Sci 476:384–393. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.memsci.2014.11.044
deVries SL, Zhang P (2016) Antibiotics and the terrestrial nitrogen cycle: a review. Curr Pollut Rep 2:51–67. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40726-016-0027-3
Ding H, Wu Y, Zou B, Lou Q, Zhang W, Zhong J, Dai G (2016) Simultaneous removal and degradation characteristics of sulfonamide, tetracycline, and quinolone antibiotics by laccase-mediated oxidation coupled with soil adsorption. J Hazard Mater 307:350–358. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2015.12.062
Dong H, Yuan X, Wang W, Qiang Z (2016) Occurrence and removal of antibiotics in ecological and conventional wastewater treatment processes: a field study. J Environ Manag 178:11–19. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2016.04.037
Dvorak P, Bidmanova S, Damborsky J, Prokop Z (2014) Immobilized synthetic pathway for biodegradation of toxic recalcitrant pollutant 1,2,3-trichloropropane. J Environ Sci Technol 48(12):6859–6866. https://doi.org/10.1021/es500396r
Dvorak P, Nikel PI, Damborsky J, de Lorenzo V (2017) Bioremediation 3.0: engineering pollutant-removing bacteria in the times of systemic biology. J Biotechnol Adv 35(7):845–866. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biotechadv.2017.08.001
EARS-Net (2019) European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control. Antimicrobial resistance in the EU/EEA (EARS-Net) - annual epidemiological report 2019
Egbuna C, Parmar VK, Jeevanandam J, Ezzat SM, Patrick-Iwuanyanwu KC et al (2021) Toxicity of nanoparticles in biomedical application: nanotoxicology. J Toxicol. https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/9954443
Fajardo C, Costa G, Nande M, Botias P, Garcia-Cantalejo J, Martín M (2019) Pb, Cd, and Zn soil contamination: monitoring functional and structural impacts on the microbiome. J Appl Soil Ecol 135:56–64. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsoil.2018.10.022
Fu BM, Chen LW, Cai TM et al (2017) Isolation and characterization of norfloxacin-degrading bacterium strain NOR-36[J]. Acta Sci Circumstantiae 37(2):576–584
Gao N, Liu CX, Xu QM, Cheng JS, Yuan YJ (2018) Simultaneous removal of ciprofloxacin, norfloxacin, sulfamethoxazole by co-producing oxidative enzymes system of Phanerochaete chrysosporium and Pycnoporus sanguineus. Chemosphere. 195:146–155. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.12.062
Grenni P, Ancona V, Caracciolo AB (2018) Ecological effects of antibiotics on natural ecosystems: a review. Microchem J 136:25–39. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.microc.2017.02.006
Gumbi BP, Moodley B, Birungi G, Ndungu PG (2017) Detection and quantification of acidic drug residues in South African surface water using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Chemosphere 2017(168):1042–1050
Guo WQ, Zheng HS, Li S, Du JS, Feng XC, Yin RL, Chang JS (2016) Removal of cephalosporin antibiotics 7-ACA from wastewater during the cultivation of lipid-accumulating microalgae. Bioresour Technol 221:284–290. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2016.09.036
He X, Xu Y, Chen J, Ling J, Li Y, Huang L, Xie G (2017) Evolution of corresponding resistance genes in the water of fish tanks with multiple stresses of antibiotics and heavy metals. Water Res 124:39–48. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2017.07.048
He Y, Yuan Q, Mathieu J, Stadler L, Senehi N, Sun R, Alvarez PJ (2020) Antibiotic resistance genes from livestock waste: occurrence, dissemination and treatment. NPJ Clean Water 3(1):1–11. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41545-020-0051-0
Hiramatsu K, Ito T, Tsubakishita S, Sasaki T, Takeuchi F, Morimoto Y, Baba T (2013) Genomic basis for methicillin resistance in Staphylococcus aureus. J Infect Chemother 45(2):117. https://doi.org/10.3947/ic.2013.45.2.117
Hofmann U, Schlosser D (2016) Biochemical and physicochemical processes contributing to the removal of endocrine-disrupting chemicals and pharmaceuticals by the aquatic ascomycete Phoma sp. UHH 5-1-03. Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 100(5):2381–2399. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00253-015-7113-0
Holmes AH, Moore LS, Sundsfjord A, Steinbakk M, Regmi S, Karkey A, Piddock LJ (2016) Understanding the mechanisms and drivers of antimicrobial resistance. Lancet. 387(10014):176–187. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(15)00473-0
Hong X, Zhao Y, Zhuang R, Liu J, Guo G, Chen J, Yao Y (2020) Bioremediation of tetracycline antibiotics-contaminated soil by bioaugmentation. RSC Adv 10(55):86–102. https://doi.org/10.1039/D0RA04705H
Hou L, Yin G, Liu M, Zhou J, Zheng Y, Gao J, Zong H, Yang Y, Gao L, Tong C (2015) Effects of sulfamethazine on denitrification and the associated N2O release in estuarine and coastal sediments. Environ Sci Technol 49:326–333
Huygens J, Daeseleire E, Mahillon J, Van Elst D, Decrop J, Meirlaen J, Rasschaert G (2021) Presence of antibiotic residues and antibiotic resistant bacteria in cattle manure intended for fertilization of agricultural fields: a One Health perspective. Antibiotics. 10(4):410. https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics10040410
Hyseni S (2016) Toxicological effects of nanomaterials on aqueous and terrestrial ecosystems. CDS 2016(1):1–28
Jaiswal S, Singh DK, Shukla P (2019) Gene editing and systems biology tools for pesticide bioremediation: a review. Front Microbiol 10:87. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2019.00087
Jiang W, Bikard D, Cox D, Zhang F, Marraffini LA (2013) RNA-guided editing of bacterial genomes using CRISPR-Cas systems. Nat Biotechnol 31(3):233–239. https://doi.org/10.1038/nbt.2508
Jiang R, Wei Y, Sun J, Wang J, Zhao Z, Liu Y, Cao J (2019) Degradation of cefradine in alga-containing water environment: a mechanism and kinetic study. Environ Sci Pollut Res 26(9):9184–9192. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-019-04279-y
Jurado A, Walther M, Diaz-Cruz MS (2019) Occurrence, fate and environmental risk assessment of the organic microcontaminants included in the watch lists set by EU decisions 2015/495 and 2018/840 in the groundwater of Spain. Sci Total Environ 663:285–296. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.01.270
Kim DW, Feng J, Chen H, Kweon O, Gao Y, Yu LR, Sutherland JB (2013) Identification of the enzyme responsible for N-acetylation of norfloxacin by Microbacterium sp. strain 4N2-2. Appl Environ Microbiol 79(1):314–321. https://doi.org/10.1128/AEM.02347-12
Kim DW, Thawng CN, Lee K, Wellington EM, Cha CJ (2019) A novel sulfonamide resistance mechanism by two-component flavin-dependent monooxygenase system in sulfonamide-degrading actinobacteria. Environ Int 127:206–215. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2019.03.046
Kipkorir KC, Angienda PO, Onyango DM, Onyango PO (2020) Antibiotic resistance of Escherichia coli from humans and black rhinoceroses in Kenya. Ecohealth. 17(1):41–51. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10393-019-01461-z
Klein EY, Van Boeckel TP, Martinez EM, Pant S, Gandra S, Levin SA, Laxminarayan R (2018) Global increase and geographic convergence in antibiotic consumption between 2000 and 2015. Prot Natl Acad Sci USA 115(15):E3463–E3470. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1717295115
Kong WD, Zhu YG, Fu BJ, Marschner P, He JZ (2006) The veterinary antibiotic oxytetracycline and Cu influence functional diversity of the soil microbial community. Environ Pollut 143(1):129–137. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2005.11.003
Kong XX, Jiang JL, Qiao B, Liu H, Cheng JS, Yuan YJ (2019) The biodegradation of cefuroxime, cefotaxime and cefpirome by the synthetic consortium with probiotic Bacillus clausii and investigation of their potential biodegradation pathways. Sci Total Environ 651:271–280. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.09.187
Krzyzanski W, Rao GG (2017) Multi-scale model of drug induced adaptive resistance of Gram-negative bacteria to polymyxin B. PLoS One 12(3):e0171834. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0171834
Kumar VV, Cabana H (2016) Towards high potential magnetic biocatalysts for on-demand elimination of pharmaceuticals. Bioresour Technol 200:81–89. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2015.09.100
Lapworth DJ, Baran N, Stuart ME, Ward RS (2012) Emerging organic contaminants in groundwater: a review of sources, fate and occurrence. Environ Pollut 163:287–303. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2011.12.034
Lee NY, Ko WC, Hsueh PR (2019) Nanoparticles in the treatment of infections caused by multidrug-resistant organisms. Front Pharmacol 10:1153. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2019.01153
Leon-Buitimea A, Garza-Cardenas CR, Garza-Cervantes JA, Lerma-Escalera JA, Morones-Ramirez JR (2020) The demand for new antibiotics: antimicrobial peptides, nanoparticles, and combinatorial therapies as future strategies in antibacterial agent design. Front Microbiol 11:1669. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2020.01669
Li M, Wei D, Du Y (2014) Acute toxicity evaluation for quinolone antibiotics and their chlorination disinfection processes. J Environ Sci (China) 26(9):1837–1842. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jes.2014.06.023
Li X, Xu QM, Cheng JS, Yuan YJ (2016) Improving the bioremoval of sulfamethoxazole and alleviating cytotoxicity of its biotransformation by laccase producing system under coculture of Pycnoporus sanguineus and Alcaligenes faecalis. Bioresour Technol 220:333–340. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2016.08.088
Liu F, Ying GG, Tao R, Zhao JL, Yang JF, Zhao LF (2009) Effects of six selected antibiotics on plant growth and soil microbial and enzymatic activities. Environ Pollut 157(5):1636–1642. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2008.12.021
Liu B, Li Y, Zhang X, Wang J, Gao M (2014a) Combined effects of chlortetracycline and dissolved organic matter extracted from pig manure on the functional diversity of soil microbial community. Soil Biol Biochem 74:148–155. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2014.03.005
Liu J, Lu G, Wu D, Yan Z (2014b) A multi-biomarker assessment of single and combined effects of norfloxacin and sulfamethoxazole on male goldfish (Carassius auratus). Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 102:12–17. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2014.01.014
Liu B, Li Y, Zhang X, Wang J, Gao M (2015) Effects of chlortetracycline on soil microbial communities: comparisons of enzyme activities to the functional diversity via Biolog EcoPlates™. Eur J Soil Biol 68:69–76. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejsobi.2015.01.002
Liu Y, Chang H, Li Z, Zhang C, Feng Y, Cheng D (2016) Gentamicin removal in submerged fermentation using the novel fungal strain Aspergillus terreus FZC3. Sci Rep 6(1):1–10. https://doi.org/10.1038/srep35856
Liu Y, Chang H, Li Z, Feng Y, Cheng D, Xue J (2017) Biodegradation of gentamicin by bacterial consortia AMQD4 in synthetic medium and raw gentamicin sewage. Sci Rep 7(1):1–11. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-11529-x
Liu CX, Xu QM, Yu SC, Cheng JS, Yuan YJ (2020) Bio-removal of tetracycline antibiotics under the consortium with probiotics Bacillus clausii T and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens producing biosurfactants. Sci Total Environ 710:136329. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.136329
Liu C, Tan L, Zhang L, Tian W, Ma L (2021) A review of the distribution of antibiotics in water in different regions of china and current antibiotic degradation pathways. Front Environ Sci 9:692298. https://doi.org/10.3389/fenvs.2021.692298
Liyanage GY, Manage PM (2018) Removal of ciprofloxacin (CIP) by bacteria isolated from hospital effluent water and identification of degradation pathways. Int J Med 2:37–47. https://doi.org/10.22161/ijmpd.2.3.1
Llorca M, Rodriguez-Mozaz S, Couillerot O, Panigoni K, de Gunzburg J, Bayer S, Barcelo D (2015) Identification of new transformation products during enzymatic treatment of tetracycline and erythromycin antibiotics at laboratory scale by an on-line turbulent flow liquid-chromatography coupled to a high-resolution mass spectrometer LTQ-Orbitrap. Chemosphere. 119:90–98. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2014.05.072
Lu Z, Na G, Gao H, Wang L, Bao C, Yao Z (2015) Fate of sulfonamide resistance genes in estuary environment and effect of anthropogenic activities. Sci Total Environ 527–528:429–438. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.04.101
Ma J, Lin H, Sun W, Wang Q, Yu Q, Zhao Y, Fu J (2014) Soil microbial systems respond differentially to tetracycline, sulfamonomethoxine, and ciprofloxacin entering soil under pot experimental conditions alone and in combination. Environ Sci Pollut Res 21(12):7436–7448. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-014-2685-2
Ma Y, Li M, Wu M, Li Z, Liu X (2015) Occurrences and regional distributions of 20 antibiotics in water bodies during groundwater recharge. Sci Total Environ 518:498–506. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.02.100
Ma T, Pan X, Liu W, Christie P, Luo Y, Wu L (2016) Effects of different concentrations and application frequencies of oxytetracycline on soil enzyme activities and microbial community diversity. Eur J Soil Biol 76:53–60. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejsobi.2016.07.004
Maia AS, Tiritan ME, Castro PML (2018) Enantioselective degradation of ofloxacin and levofloxacin by the bacterial strains Labrys portucalensis F11 and Rhodococcus sp. FP1. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 155:144–151. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2018.02.067
Marques RZ, Wistuba N, Brito JCM, Bernardoni V, Rocha DC, Gomes MP (2021) Crop irrigation (soybean, bean, and corn) with enrofloxacin-contaminated water leads to yield reductions and antibiotic accumulation. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 216:112193. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.112193
Masse DI, Saady NMC, Gilbert Y (2014) Potential of biological processes to eliminate antibiotics in livestock manure: an overview. Animals. 4(2):146–163. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani4020146
Mayans B, Camacho-Arevalo R, García-Delgado C, Anton-Herrero R, Escolástico C, Segura ML, Eymar E (2021) An assessment of Pleurotus ostreatus to remove sulfonamides, and its role as a biofilter based on its own spent mushroom substrate. Environ Sci Pollut Res 28(6):7032–7042. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-020-11078-3
Meredith HR, Srimani JK, Lee AJ, Lopatkin AJ, You L (2015) Collective antibiotic tolerance: mechanisms, dynamics and intervention. Nat Chem Biol 11:182–188
Mogasale VV, Saldanha P, Pai V, Rekha PD, Mogasale V (2021) A descriptive analysis of antimicrobial resistance patterns of WHO priority pathogens isolated in children from a tertiary care hospital in India. Sci Rep 11(1):1–7. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-84293-8
Molaei A, Lakzian A, Haghnia G, Astaraei A, Rasouli-Sadaghiani M, Teresa Ceccherini M, Datta R (2017) Assessment of some cultural experimental methods to study the effects of antibiotics on microbial activities in a soil: an incubation study. PLoS One 12(7):e0180663. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0180663
Montelongo-Peralta LZ, Leon-Buitimea A, Palma-Nicolas JP, Gonzalez-Christen J, Morones-Ramirez JR (2019) Antibacterial activity of combinatorial treatments composed of transition-metal/antibiotics against Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Sci Rep 9(1):1–6. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-42049-5
Morones-Ramirez JR, Winkler JA, Spina CS, Collins JJ (2013) Silver enhances antibiotic activity against Gram-negative bacteria. Sci Transl Med 5(190):190ra81. https://doi.org/10.1126/scitranslmed.3006276
Moslah B, Hapeshi E, Jrad A, Fatta-Kassinos D, Hedhili A (2017) Pharmaceuticals and illicit drugs in wastewater samples in north-eastern Tunisia. Environ Sci Pollut Res 25:18226–18241
Ngumba E, Gachanja A, Tuhkanen T (2016) Occurrence of selected antibiotics and antiretroviral drugs in Nairobi River Basin, Kenya. Sci Total Environ 539:206–213
Nguyen LN, Nghiem LD, Oh S (2018) Aerobic biotransformation of the antibiotic ciprofloxacin by Bradyrhizobium sp. isolated from activated sludge. Chemosphere 211:600–607. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.08.004
Nnadozie CF, Odume OM (2019) Freshwater environments as reservoirs of antibiotic resistant bacteria and their role in the dissemination of antibiotic resistance genes. Environ Pollut 254:113067. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2019.113067
Pan LJ, Li J, Li C, Tang X, Yu GW, Wang Y (2018) Study of ciprofloxacin biodegradation by a Thermus sp. isolated from pharmaceutical sludge. J Hazard Mater 343:59–67. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2017.09.009
Park YJ, Chang J, Lee G, Son JS, Park SM (2020) Association of class number, cumulative exposure, and earlier initiation of antibiotics during the first two-years of life with subsequent childhood obesity. Metabolism 112:154348. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.metabol.2020.154348
Pirrone V, Thakkar N, Jacobson JM, Wigdahl B, Krebs FC (2011) Combinatorial approaches to the prevention and treatment of HIV-1 infection. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 55(5):1831–1842. https://doi.org/10.1128/AAC.00976-10
Prieto A, Moder M, Rodil R, Adrian L, Marco-Urrea E (2011) Degradation of the antibiotics norfloxacin and ciprofloxacin by a white-rot fungus and identification of degradation products. Bioresour Technol 102(23):10987–10995. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2011.08.055
Qu J, Huang Y, Lv X (2019) Crisis of antimicrobial resistance in China: now and the future. Front Microbiol 10:2240
Quejigo JR, Tejedor-Sanz S, Schroll R, Esteve-Nunez A (2019) Electrodes boost microbial metabolism to mineralize antibiotics in manure. Bioelectrochemistry. 128:283–290. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bioelechem.2019.04.008
Rahimnejad M, Adhami A, Darvari S, Zirepour A, Oh SE (2015) Microbial fuel cell as new technology for bioelectricity generation: a review. Alex Eng J 54(3):745–756. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aej.2015.03.031
Rahmani K, Faramarzi MA, Mahvi AH, Gholami M, Esrafili A, Forootanfar H, Farzadkia M (2015) Elimination and detoxification of sulfathiazole and sulfamethoxazole assisted by laccase immobilized on porous silica beads. Int Biodeterior Biodegradation 97:107–114. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ibiod.2014.10.018
Rico A, Oliveira R, McDonough S, Matser A, Khatikarn J, Satapornvanit K, Van den Brink PJ (2014) Use, fate and ecological risks of antibiotics applied in tilapia cage farming in Thailand. Environ Pollut 191:8–16. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2014.04.002
Rodriguez-Rodriguez CE, Garcia-Galan MJ, Blanquez P, Diaz-Cruz MS, Barcelo D, Caminal G, Vicent T (2012) Continuous degradation of a mixture of sulfonamides by Trametes versicolor and identification of metabolites from sulfapyridine and sulfathiazole. J Hazard Mater 213:347–354. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2012.02.008
Roose-Amsaleg C, Laverman AM (2015) Do antibiotics have environmental side-effects? Impact of synthetic antibiotics on biogeochemical processes. Environ Sci Pollut Res 23:4000–4012. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-015-4943-3
Rusch M, Kauschat A, Spielmeyer A, Römpp A, Hausmann H, Zorn H, Hamscher G (2015) Biotransformation of the antibiotic danofloxacin by Xylaria longipes leads to an efficient reduction of its antibacterial activity. J Agric Food Chem 63(31):6897–6904. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jafc.5b02343
Shao S, Hu Y, Cheng J, Chen Y (2018) Degradation of oxytetracycline (OTC) and nitrogen conversion characteristics using a novel strain. Chem Eng J 354:758–766. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2018.08.032
Shapiro RS, Chavez A, Collins JJ (2018) CRISPR-based genomic tools for the manipulation of genetically intractable microorganisms. Nat Rev Microbiol 16(6):333–339. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41579-018-0002-7
Sheydaei M, Shiadeh HRK, Ayoubi-Feiz B, Ezzati R (2018) Preparation of nano N-TiO2/graphene oxide/titan grid sheets for visible light assisted photocatalytic ozonation of cefixime. Chem Eng J 353:138–146. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2018.07.089
Shi L, Ma F, Han Y, Zhang X, Yu H (2014) Removal of sulfonamide antibiotics by oriented immobilized laccase on Fe3O4 nanoparticles with natural mediators. J Hazard Mater 279:203–211. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2014.06.070
Shooshtari NM, Ghazi MM (2017) An investigation of the photocatalytic activity of nano Α-Fe2O3/ZnO on the photodegradation of cefixime trihydrate. Chem Eng J 315:527–536. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2017.01.058
Stein HP, Navajas-Perez R, Aranda E (2018) Potential for CRISPR genetic engineering to increase xenobiotic degradation capacities in model fungi. In: Approaches in bioremediation: the new era of environmental microbiology and nanobiotechnology. Springer, pp 61–78. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-02369-0_4
Sui Q, Cao X, Lu S, Zhao W, Qiu Z, Yu G (2015) Occurrence, sources and fate of pharmaceuticals and personal care products in the groundwater: a review. Emerg Contam 1(1):14–24. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.emcon.2015.07.001
Sutar RS, Rathod V (2015) Ultrasound assisted laccase catalyzed degradation of ciprofloxacin hydrochloride. J Ind Eng Chem 31:276–282. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jiec.2015.06.037
Tacao M, Correia A, Henriques IS (2015) Low prevalence of carbapenem-resistant bacteria in river water: resistance is mostly related to intrinsic mechanisms. Microb Drug Resist 21(5):497–506. https://doi.org/10.1089/mdr.2015.0072
Tanih GN, Okoh AI, Ndip RN, Nwod UU, Green E (2017) Multidrug resistance in Enterococcus species of faecal origin from commercial dairy lactating cattle: public health concern. Asian Pacific J Trop Dis 7(11):665–670. https://doi.org/10.12980/apjtd.7.2017D7-154
Unger IM, Goyne KW, Kennedy AC, Kremer RJ, McLain JE, Williams CF (2013) Antibiotic effects on microbial community characteristics in soils under conservation management practices. Soil Sci Soc Am J 77(1):100–112. https://doi.org/10.2136/sssaj2012.0099
Vikram A, Schmidt JW (2018) Functional bla KPC-2 sequences are present in US beef cattle feces regardless of antibiotic use. Foodborne Pathog Dis 15(7):444–448. https://doi.org/10.1089/fpd.2017.2406
Voigt AM, Faerber HA, Wilbring G, Skutlarek D, Felder C, Mahn R, Schmithausen RM (2019) The occurrence of antimicrobial substances in toilet, sink and shower drainpipes of clinical units: a neglected source of antibiotic residues. Int J Hyg Environ Health 222(3):455–467. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijheh.2018.12.013
Wagil M, Kumirska J, Stolte S, Puckowski A, Maszkowska J, Stepnowski P, Białk-Bielinska A (2014) Development of sensitive and reliable LC-MS/MS methods for the determination of three fluoroquinolones in water and fish tissue samples and preliminary environmental risk assessment of their presence in two rivers in northern Poland. Sci Total Environ 493:1006–1013. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.06.082
Wang X, Ryu D, Houtkooper RH, Auwerx J (2015) Antibiotic use and abuse: a threat to mitochondria and chloroplasts with impact on research, health, and environment. Bioessays. 37(10):1045–1053. https://doi.org/10.1002/bies.201500071
Wang J, Lin H, Sun W, Xia Y, Ma J, Fu J, Qian M (2016) Variations in the fate and biological effects of sulfamethoxazole, norfloxacin and doxycycline in different vegetable-soil systems following manure application. J Hazard Mater 304:49–57. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2015.10.038
Wang L, Hu C, Shao L (2017) The antimicrobial activity of nanoparticles: present situation and prospects for the future. Int J Nanomedicine 12:1227. https://doi.org/10.2147/IJN.S121956
Wang S, Hu Y, Wang J (2018a) Biodegradation of typical pharmaceutical compounds by a novel strain Acinetobacter sp. J Environ Manag 217:240–246. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2018.03.096
Wang L, You L, Zhang J, Yang T, Zhang W, Zhang Z, Ma J (2018b) Biodegradation of sulfadiazine in microbial fuel cells: reaction mechanism, biotoxicity removal and the correlation with reactor microbes. J Hazard Mater 360:402–411. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2018.08.021
Wang Y, Zhang H, Feng Y, Li B, Yu M, Xu X, Cai L (2019) Bio-electron-Fenton (BEF) process driven by sediment microbial fuel cells (SMFCs) for antibiotics desorption and degradation. Biosens Bioelectron 136:8–15. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bios.2019.04.009
Weng SS, Liu SM, Lai HT (2013) Application parameters of laccase-mediator systems for treatment of sulfonamide antibiotics. Bioresour Technol 141:152–159. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2013.02.093
WHO (2018) WHO report on surveillance of antibiotic consumption: 2016-2018 early implementation. World Health Organization, Geneva
Wu G, Abraham T, Lee S (2016) Ceftazidime-avibactam for treatment of carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae bacteremia. Clin Infect Dis 63(8):1147–1148. https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciw491
Wu X, Wu X, Li J, Shen L, Yu R, Zeng W (2018) Isolation and degradation characteristics of an efficient tetracycline degrading strain. Biotechnol Bull 34:172–178. https://doi.org/10.13560/j.cnki.biotech.bull.1985.2017-0723
Xu Y, Yu W, Ma Q, Wang J, Zhou H, Jiang C (2016) The combined effect of sulfadiazine and copper on soil microbial activity and community structure. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 134:43–52. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2016.06.041
Yan C, Dinh QT, Chevreuil M, Garnier J, Roose-Amsaleg C, Labadie P, Laverman AM (2013) The effect of environmental and therapeutic concentrations of antibiotics on nitrate reduction rates in river sediment. Water Res 47(11):3654–3662. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2013.04.025
Yang JF, Ying GG, Liu S, Zhou LJ, Zhao JL, Tao R, Peng PA (2012) Biological degradation and microbial function effect of norfloxacin in a soil under different conditions. J Environ Sci Health A Part B 47(4):288–295. https://doi.org/10.1080/03601234.2012.638886
Yang Y, Ok YS, Kim KH, Kwon EE, Tsang YF (2017a) Occurrences and removal of pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) in drinking water and water/sewage treatment plants: a review. Sci Total Environ 596:303–320. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.04.102
Yang J, Lin Y, Yang X, Ng TB, Ye X, Lin J (2017b) Degradation of tetracycline by immobilized laccase and the proposed transformation pathway. J Hazard Mater 322:525–531. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2016.10.019
Yang Y, Higgins CH, Rehman I, Galvao KN, Brito IL, Bicalho ML, Bicalho RC (2019) Genomic diversity, virulence, and antimicrobial resistance of Klebsiella pneumoniae strains from cows and humans. Appl Environ Microbiol 85(6):e02654–e02618. https://doi.org/10.1128/AEM.02654-18
Yang CW, Liu C, Chang BV (2020) Biodegradation of amoxicillin, tetracyclines and sulfonamides in wastewater sludge. Water. 12(8):2147. https://doi.org/10.3390/w12082147
Yang Z, Zhu P, Yan C, Wang D, Fang D, Zhou L (2021) Biosynthesized Schwertmannite @ biochar composite as a heterogeneous Fenton-like catalyst for the degradation of sulfanilamide antibiotics. Chemosphere. 266:129175. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.129175
Yu Y, Zhou Y, Wang Z, Torres OL, Guo R, Chen J (2017) Investigation of the removal mechanism of antibiotic ceftazidime by green algae and subsequent microbic impact assessment. Sci Rep 7(1):1–11. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-04128-3
Zhang R, Pei J, Zhang R, Wang S, Zeng W, Huang D et al (2018) Occurrence and distribution of antibiotics in mariculture farms, estuaries and the coast of the Beibu Gulf, China: bioconcentration and diet safety of seafood. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 154:27–35. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2018.02.006
Zhang J, Peng X, Jia X (2019) Isolation and characterization of highly efficient sulfamethazine-degrading bacterium strain J2. Acta Sci Circumst 39:2919–2927. https://doi.org/10.13671/j.hjkxxb.2019.0096
Zhao F, Chen L, Yang L, Li S, Sun L, Yu X (2018) Distribution, dynamics and determinants of antibiotics in soils in a peri-urban area of Yangtze River Delta, Eastern China. Chemosphere. 211:261–270. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.07.162
Zhao J, Lin M, Wang Z, Cao X, Xing B (2020) Engineered nanomaterials in the environment: are they safe? Crit Rev Environ Sci Technol 51:1443–1478. https://doi.org/10.1080/10643389.2020.1764279
Zhou C, Wang H, Si Y, Wu K, Yousaf A (2018) Electron shuttles enhance the degradation of sulfamethoxazole coupled with Fe(III) reduction by Shewanella oneidensis MR-1. Environ Toxicol Pharmacol 62:156–163. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.etap.2018.07.006
Zhu YG, Xue XM, Kappler A, Rosen BP, Meharg AA (2017) Linking genes to microbial biogeochemical cycling: lessons from arsenic. Environ Sci Technol 51(13):7326–7339. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.7b00689
Zou Y, Tu W, Wang H, Fang T (2020) Anaerobic digestion reduces extracellular antibiotic resistance genes in waste activated sludge: the effects of temperature and degradation mechanisms. Environ Int 143:105980. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2020.105980
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Contributions
Mansi Apreja: literature search, writing of the original draft, investigation, and editing
Aarjoo Sharma: literature search, writing of the original draft, investigation, and editing
Sanjeev Balda: review and editing
Kirti Kataria: review and editing
Neena Capalash: formal analysis and revision
Prince Sharma: idea, conceptualization, revision, editing, and supervision
All authors read and approved the final manuscript.
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Ethics approval and consent to participate
Not applicable
Consent for publication
Not applicable
Conflict of interest
The authors declare no competing interests.
Additional information
Responsible Editor: Robert Duran
Publisher’s note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Apreja, M., Sharma, A., Balda, S. et al. Antibiotic residues in environment: antimicrobial resistance development, ecological risks, and bioremediation. Environ Sci Pollut Res 29, 3355–3371 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-021-17374-w
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-021-17374-w