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Regulated strategies of cold-adapted microorganisms in response to cold: a review

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Abstract

There are a large number of active cold-adapted microorganisms in the perennial cold environment. Due to their high-efficiency and energy-saving catalytic properties, cold-adapted microorganisms have become valuable natural resources with potential in various biological fields. In this study, a series of cold response strategies for microorganisms were summarized. This mainly involves the regulation of cell membrane fluidity, synthesis of cold adaptation proteins, regulators and metabolic changes, energy supply, and reactive oxygen species. Also, the potential of biocatalysts produced by cold-adapted microorganisms including cold-active enzymes, ice-binding proteins, polyhydroxyalkanoates, and surfactants was introduced, which provided a guidance for expanding its application values. Overall, new insights were obtained on response strategies of microorganisms to cold environments in this review. This will deepen the understanding of the cold tolerance mechanism of cold-adapted microorganisms, thus promoting the establishment and application of low-temperature biotechnology.

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Acknowledgements

This work was supported by the State Key Research and Development Project, the Key Laboratory of Straw Biology and Utilization, The Ministry of Education.

Funding

This study was funded by the Technological innovation platform of straw comprehensive utilization in Jilin province (2014) C–1 and the State Key Research and Development Project (2017YFD0501000).

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  1. College of Life Sciences, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China

    Lijun Shen, Sitong Zhang & Guang Chen

  2. Key Laboratory of Straw Biology and Utilization, The Ministry of Education, Changchun, China

    Lijun Shen, Sitong Zhang & Guang Chen

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Guang Chen developed topics for the review. Lijun Shen wrote the first draft of the paper. Sitong Zhang modified the content and language for this review.

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Shen, L., Zhang, S. & Chen, G. Regulated strategies of cold-adapted microorganisms in response to cold: a review. Environ Sci Pollut Res 28, 68006–68024 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-021-16843-6

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