Abstract
Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) have been widely used as a recyclable catalyst in Fenton reaction for organic degradation. However, the pristine MNPs suffer from the drawbacks of iron leaching in acidic conditions as well as the decreasing catalytic activity of organic degradation at a pH higher than 3.0. To solve the problems, Fe3O4 MNPs were modified by poly(catechol) (Fe3O4/PCC MNPs) using a facile chemical co-precipitation method. The poly(catechol) modification improved both the dispersity and the surface negative charges of Fe3O4/PCC MNPs, which are beneficial to the catalytic activity of MNPs for organic degradation. Moreover, the poly(catechol) modification enhanced the efficiency of Fe(II) regeneration during Fenton reaction due to the acceleration of Fe(III) reduction by the phenolic/quinonoid redox pair. As a result, the Fenton reaction with Fe3O4/PCC MNPs could efficiently degrade organic molecules, exampled by methylene blue (MB), in an expanded pH range between 3.0 and 10.0. In addition, Fe3O4/PCC MNPs could be reused up to 8 cycles for the MB degradation with negligible iron leaching of lower than 1.5 mg L−1. This study demonstrated Fe3O4/PCC MNPs are a promising heterogeneous Fenton catalysts for organic degradation.
![](http://media.springernature.com/m312/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1007%2Fs11356-021-15088-7/MediaObjects/11356_2021_15088_Sch1_HTML.png)
![](http://media.springernature.com/m312/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1007%2Fs11356-021-15088-7/MediaObjects/11356_2021_15088_Fig1_HTML.png)
![](http://media.springernature.com/m312/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1007%2Fs11356-021-15088-7/MediaObjects/11356_2021_15088_Fig2_HTML.png)
![](http://media.springernature.com/m312/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1007%2Fs11356-021-15088-7/MediaObjects/11356_2021_15088_Fig3_HTML.png)
![](http://media.springernature.com/m312/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1007%2Fs11356-021-15088-7/MediaObjects/11356_2021_15088_Fig4_HTML.png)
![](http://media.springernature.com/m312/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1007%2Fs11356-021-15088-7/MediaObjects/11356_2021_15088_Fig5_HTML.png)
![](http://media.springernature.com/m312/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1007%2Fs11356-021-15088-7/MediaObjects/11356_2021_15088_Fig6_HTML.png)
![](http://media.springernature.com/m312/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1007%2Fs11356-021-15088-7/MediaObjects/11356_2021_15088_Fig7_HTML.png)
![](http://media.springernature.com/m312/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1007%2Fs11356-021-15088-7/MediaObjects/11356_2021_15088_Fig8_HTML.png)
![](http://media.springernature.com/m312/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1007%2Fs11356-021-15088-7/MediaObjects/11356_2021_15088_Sch2_HTML.png)
Similar content being viewed by others
Data availability
All data generated or analyzed during this study are included in this published article and its supplementary information files.
References
Aktas N, Sahiner N, Kantoglu O, Salih B, Tanyolac A (2003) Biosynthesis and characterization of laccase catalyzed poly(catechol). J Polym Environ 11:123–128
Bai C, Xiao W, Feng D, Xian M, Guo D, Ge Z, Zhou Y (2013) Efficient decolorization of Malachite Green in the Fenton reaction catalyzed by [Fe(III)-salen]Cl complex. Chem Eng J 215(216):227–234
Baldi Marchetto F, Zanchettin D, Sartorato E, Paganelli S, Piccolo O (2010) A bio-generated Fe(III)-binding exopolysaccharide used as new catalyst for phenol hydroxylation. Green Chem 12:1405–1409
Cai HD, Li X, Ma DC, Feng QG, Wang DB, Liu Z, Wei X, Chen K, Lin HY, Qin SY, Lu FY (2021) Stable Fe3O4 submicrospheres with SiO2 coating for heterogeneous Fenton-like reaction at alkaline condition. Sci Total Environ 764:144200–144200
Chandra V, Park J, Chun Y, Lee JW, Hwang IC, Kim KS (2010) Water-dispersible magnetite-reduced graphene oxide composites for arsenic removal. ACS Nano 4:3979–3986
Chen F, Xie S, Huang X, Qiu X (2017) Ionothermal synthesis of Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles as efficient heterogeneous Fenton-like catalysts for degradation of organic pollutants with H2O2. J Hazard Mater 322:152–162
Contreras D, Oviedo C, Valenzuela R, Freer J, Rojo K, Rodriguez J (2009) Tribromophenol degradation by a catechol-driven Fenton reaction. J Chil Chem Soc 54:141–143
Dong YH, Fujii H, Hendrich MP, Leising RA, Pan GF, Randall CR, Wilkinson EC, Zang Y, Que L, Fox BG, Kauffmann K, Munck E (1995) A high-valent nonheme iron intermediate structure and properties of [Fe2(.mu.-O)2(5-Me-TPA)2](ClO4)3. J Am Chem Soc 117:2778–2792
Dubey S, Singh D, Misra RA (1998a) Enzymatic synthesis and various properties of poly(catechol). Enzyme Microb Tech 23:432–437
Dubey S, Singh D, Misra RA (1998b) Enzymatic synthesis and various properties of poly(catechol). Enzym Microb Technol 23(7-8):432–437
Elhabiri M, Carrer C, Marmolle F, Traboulsi H (2007) Complexation of iron(III) by catecholate-type polyphenols. Inorg Chim Acta 360:353–359
Fang GD, Dionysiou DD, Al Abed SR, Zhou DM (2013) Superoxide radical driving the activation of persulfate by magnetite nanoparticles: implications for the degradation of PCBs. Appl Catal B Environ 129:325–332
Faure E, Falentin Daudre C, Jerome C, Lyskawa J, Fournier D, Woisel P, Detrembleur C (2013) Catechols as versatile platforms in polymer chemistry. Prog Polym Sci 38:236–270
Feng Y, Wu D, Deng Y, Zhang T, Shih K (2016) Sulfate radical-mediated degradation of sulfadiazine by CuFeO2 rhombohedral crystal-catalyzed peroxymonosulfate: synergistic effects and mechanisms. Environ Sci Technol 50:3119–3127
Gao LZ, Zhuang J, Nie L, Zhang JB, Zhang Y, Gu N, Wang TH, Feng J, Yang DL, Perrett S, Yan X (2007) Intrinsic peroxidase-like activity of ferromagnetic nanoparticles. Nature Nanotech 2:577–583
Goncalves NPF, Minella M, Fabbri D, Calza P, Malitesta C, Mazzotta E, Prevot AB (2020) Humic acid coated magnetic particles as highly efficient heterogeneous photo-Fenton materials for wastewater treatments. Chem Eng J 390:124619
Gu L, Zhu N, Guo H, Huang S, Lou Z, Yuan H (2013) Adsorption and Fenton-like degradation of naphthalene dye intermediate on sewage sludge derived porous carbon. J Hazard Mater 246:145–153
Gulley Stahl H, Hogan PA, Schmidt WL II, Wall SJ, Buhrlage A, Bullen HA (2010) Surface complexation of catechol to metal oxides: an ATR-FTIR, adsorption, and dissolution study. Environ Sci Technol 44:4116–4121
Hammouda SB, Adhoum N, Monser L (2015) Synthesis of magnetic alginate beads based on Fe3O4 nanoparticles for the removal of 3-methylindole from aqueous solution using Fenton process. J Hazard Mater 294:128–136
He Y, Huang L, Cai JS, Zheng XM, Sun SG (2010) Structure and electrochemical performance of nanostructured Fe3O4/carbon nanotube composites as anodes for lithium ion batteries. Electrochim Acta 55:1140–1144
He J, Yang X, Men B, Bi Z, Pu Y, Wang D (2014) Heterogeneous Fenton oxidation of catechol and 4-chlorocatechol catalyzed by nano-Fe3O4: role of the interface. Chem Eng J 258:433–441
He J, Yang X, Men B, Yu L, Wang D (2015) EDTA enhanced heterogeneous Fenton oxidation of dimethyl phthalate catalyzed by Fe3O4: kinetics and interface mechanism. J Mol Catal A-Chem 408:179–188
Hu XB, Liu BZ, Deng YH, Chen HZ, Luo S, Sun C, Yang P, Yang SG (2011) Adsorption and heterogeneous Fenton degradation of 17 alpha-methyltestosterone on nano Fe3O4/MWCNTs in aqueous solution. Appl Catal B Environ 107:274–283
Jho E, Singhal N, Turner S (2012) Tetrachloroethylene and hexachloroethane degradation in Fe(III) and Fe(III)-citrate catalyzed Fenton systems. J Chem Technol Biotechnol 87:1179–1186
Jubb AM, Allen HC (2010) Vibrational spectroscopic characterization of hematite, maghemite, and magnetite thin films produced by vapor deposition. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2:2804–2812
Kang SH, Choi W (2009) Oxidative degradation of organic compounds using zero-valent iron in the presence of natural organic matter serving as an electron shuttle. Environ Sci Technol 43:878–883
Kong Y, Mu SF, Mao BW (2002) Synthesis of polycatechol with electrochemical activity and its properties. Chin J Polym Sci 20:517–524
Leng Y, Guo W, Shi X, Li Y, Xing L (2013) Polyhydroquinone-coated Fe3O4 nanocatalyst for degradation of Rhodamine B based on sulfate radicals. Ind Eng Chem Res 52:13607–13612
Li GY, Huang KL, Jiang YR, Ding P, Yang DL (2008) Preparation and characterization of carboxyl functionalization of chitosan derivative magnetic nanoparticles. Biochem Eng J 40:408–414
Li K, Zhao Y, Song C, Guo X (2017) Magnetic ordered mesoporous Fe3O4/CeO2 composites with synergy of adsorption and Fenton catalysis. Appl Surf Sci 425:526–534
Li W, Wu X, Li S, Tang W, Chen Y (2018) Magnetic porous Fe3O4/carbon octahedra derived from iron-based metal-organic framework as heterogeneous Fenton-like catalyst. Appl Surf Sci 436:252–262
Luo W, Zhu L, Wang N, Tang H, Cao M, She Y (2010) Efficient removal of organic pollutants with magnetic nanoscaled BiFeO3 as a reusable heterogeneous Fenton-Like catalyst. Environ Sci Technol 44:1786–1791
Ma Z, Ren L, Xing S, Wu Y, Gao Y (2015) Sodium dodecyl sulfate modified FeCo2O4 with enhanced Fenton-like activity at neutral pH. J Phys Chem C 119:23068–23074
Magnacca G, Allera A, Montoneri E, Celi L, Benito DE, Gagliardi LG, Gonzalez MC, Mártire DO, Carlos L (2014) Novel magnetite nanoparticles coated with waste-sourced biobased substances as sustainable and renewable adsorbing materials. ACS Sustain Chem Eng 2:1518–1524
Melin V, Henriquez A, Freer J, Contreras D (2015) Reactivity of catecholamine-driven Fenton reaction and its relationships with iron(III) speciation. Redox Rep 20:89–96
Mercado DF, Weiss RG (2018) Polydimethylsiloxane as a matrix for the stabilization and immobilization of zero-valent iron nanoparticles. J Braz Chem Soc 29:1427–1439
Mercado DF, Magnacca G, Malandrino M, Rubert A, Montoneri E, Celi L, Prevot AB, Gonzalez MC (2014) Paramagnetic iron-doped hydroxyapatite nanoparticles with improved metal sorption properties. a bioorganic substrates mediated synthesis. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 6:3937–3946
Mercado DF, Cipollone M, González MC, Sánchez FH (2018a) Yerba Mate applications: magnetic response of powders and colloids of iron oxide nanoparticles coated with Ilex paraguariensis derivatives. J Magn Magn Mater 462:13–21
Mercado DF, Caregnato P, Villatal LS, Gonzalez MC (2018b) Ilex paraguariensis extract-coated magnetite nanoparticles: a sustainable nano-adsorbent and antioxidant. J Inorg Organo met P 28:519–527
Mondal P, Anweshan A, Purkait MK (2020) Green synthesis and environmental application of iron-based nanomaterials and nanocomposite: a review. Chemosphere:259
Niu H, Zhang D, Zhang S, Zhang X, Meng Z (2011) Humic acid coated Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles as highly efficient Fenton-like catalyst for complete mineralization of sulfathiazole. J Hazard Mater 190:559–565
Noorjahan A, Kumari VD, Subrahmanyam A, Panda L (2005) Immobilized Fe(III)-HY: an efficient and stable photo-Fenton catalyst. Appl Catal B Environ 57:91–298
Pu J, Shen L, Zhu S, Wang J, Zhang W, Wang Z (2014) Fe3O4@C core-shell microspheres: synthesis, characterization, and application as supercapacitor electrodes. J. Solid State Electron 18:1067–1076
Rahhal S, Richter HW (1988) Reduction of hydrogen-peroxide by the ferrous iron chelate of diethylenetriamine-N,N,N,N,N-pentaacetate. J Am Chem Soc 110:3126–3133
Slikboer S, Grandy L, Blair SL, Nizkorodov SA, Smith RW, Al-Abadleh HA (2015) Formation of light absorbing soluble secondary organics and insoluble polymeric particles from the dark reaction of catechol and guaiacol with Fe(III). Environ Sci Technol 49:7793–7801
Wang N, Zhu L, Wang D, Wang M, Lin Z, Tang H (2010) Sono-assisted preparation of highly-efficient peroxidase-like Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles for catalytic removal of organic pollutants with H2O2. Ultrason Sonochem 17:526–533
Wang W, Wang Y, Liu Y, Li T (2012) Synthesis of novel pH-responsive magnetic nanocomposites as highly efficient heterogeneous Fenton catalysts. Chem Lett 41:897–899
Wang W, Liu Y, Li T, Zhou M (2014) Heterogeneous Fenton catalytic degradation of phenol based on controlled release of magnetic nanoparticles. Chem Eng J 242:1–9
Wang J, Cao ZF, Ren H, Yu C, Wang S, Li L, Zhong H (2020) Reactivation of Fenton catalytic performance for Fe3O4 catalyst: optimizing the cyclic performance by low voltage electric field. Appl Surf Sci 500:144045
Xiang HL, Ren GK, Zhong YJ, Xu DH, Zhang ZY, Wang XL, Yang XS (2021) Fe3O4@C nanoparticles synthesized by in situ solid-phase method for removal of methylene blue. Nanomaterials:11
Xiao J, Wang C, Lyu SS, Liu H, Jiang CC, Lei YM (2016) Enhancement of Fenton degradation by catechol in a wide initial pH range. Sep Purif Technol 169:202–209
Xie G, Xi P, Liu H, Chen F, Huang L, Shi Y, Hou F, Zeng Z, Shao C, Wang J (2012) A facile chemical method to produce superparamagnetic graphene oxide-Fe3O4 hybrid composite and its application in the removal of dyes from aqueous solution. J Mater Chem 22:1033–1039
Xu L, Wang J (2012) Fenton-like degradation of 2,4-dichlorophenol using Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles. Appl Catal B Environ 123:117–126
Xu CJ, Xu KM, Gu HW, Zheng RK, Liu H, Zhang XX, Guo ZH, Xu B (2004) Dopamine as a robust anchor to immobilize functional molecules on the iron oxide shell of magnetic nanoparticles. J Am Chem Soc 126:9938–9939
Xue X, Hanna K, Abdelmoula M, Deng N (2009) Adsorption and oxidation of PCP on the surface of magnetite: kinetic experiments and spectroscopic investigations. Appl Catal B Environ 89:432–440
Ye Q, Zhou F, Liu W (2011) Bioinspired catecholic chemistry for surface modification. Chem Soc Rev 40:4244–4258
Zhang X, Ding Y, Tang H, Han X, Zhu L, Wang N (2014a) Degradation of bisphenol A by hydrogen peroxide activated with CuFeO2 microparticles as a heterogeneous Fenton-like catalyst: Efficiency, stability and mechanism. Chem Eng J 236:251–262
Zhang X, He M, Liu JH, Liao R, Zhao L, Xie J, Wang R, Yang ST, Wang H, Liu Y (2014b) Fe3O4@C nanoparticles as high-performance Fenton-like catalyst for dye decoloration. Chin Sci Bull 59:3406–3412
Zhang JW, Azam MS, Shi C, Huang J, Bin B, Liu QX, Zeng HB (2015) Poly (acrylic acid) functionalized magnetic graphene oxide nanocomposite for removal of methylene blue. RSC Adv 5:32272–32282
Zubir NA, Yacou C, Motuzas J, Zhang X, da Costa JCD (2014) Structural and functional investigation of graphene oxide-Fe3O4 nanocomposites for the heterogeneous Fenton-like reaction. Sci Rep 4
Funding
The present research is supported by the Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 51678554, No. 51978181).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Contributions
NH conducted the experiment and experimental analysis, contributed to the discussion of the study, and wrote the original draft of the manuscript. CW supervised the research, conducted the experimental analysis, funding acquisition, and reviewed and edited the manuscript. SW and JX contributed to the discussion of the study and wrote the original draft of the manuscript.
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Ethics approval
Not applicable.
Consent to participate
Not applicable.
Consent for publication
Not applicable.
Competing interests
The authors declare no competing interests.
Additional information
Responsible Editor: Ricardo Torres-Palma
Publisher’s note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Supporting Information
ESM 1
(DOC 828 kb)
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Hua, Y., Wang, C., Wang, S. et al. Poly(catechol) modified Fe3O4 magnetic nanocomposites with continuous high Fenton activity for organic degradation at neutral pH. Environ Sci Pollut Res 28, 62690–62702 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-021-15088-7
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-021-15088-7