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Eruca sativa seed extract modulates oxidative stress and apoptosis and up-regulates the expression of Bcl-2 and Bax genes in acrylamide-induced testicular dysfunction in rats

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Abstract

Acrylamide (ACR) has been previously associated with male sexual dysfunction and infertility. Eruca sativa (L.) (arugula or rocket) have been widely used in traditional remedies in Mediterranean region and western Asia and was known for its strong aphrodisiac effect since Roman times. The current study was designed to investigate LC/MS analysis of total ethanol extract Eruca sativa (L.) and the efficiency and mechanism of action of Eruca sativa seed extract (ESS) in reducing hypogonadism induced by acrylamide in male rats. Male Wistar rats were divided into 6 groups (n = 7): control group, Eruca sativa seed extract (ESS) at doses of 100 and 200 mg\kg, acrylamide (ACR), ACR + ESS 100 mg/kg, and ACR + ESS 200 mg/kg. The animals received ACR at a dose of 10 mg/kg b.wt for 60 days. Sperm indices, testicular oxidative stress, testosterone hormone, and testicular histopathology and immunohistochemistry of PCNA and caspase-3 were investigated. Moreover, the expression level of testicular B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2) and Bcl-2-associated X protein (Bax) genes was evaluated. In respect to the LC/MS of total ethanol extract Eruca sativa (L.) seed revealed tentative identification of 39 compounds, which belongs to different classes as sulphur-containing compounds, flavonoids, phenolic acid, and fatty acids. Administration of ESS extract (100, 200 mg/kg) improved semen quality, diminished lipid peroxidation, enhanced testicular antioxidant enzyme, restored serum testosterone level, and reduced testicular degeneration and Leydig cell death in the rats intoxicated with ACR. However, the effects of ESS at the dose of 200 mg/kg were similar to that of control group. Furthermore, ESS treatment significantly induced anti-apoptotic effect indicated by elevation of both Bcl-2 and Bax expressions. Nutriceutics of ESS extract protects testis against ACR-induced testicular toxicity via normalizing testicular steroidogenesis, keeping Leydig cells, and improving oxidative stress status.

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Data Availability

Data available upon request.

Code availability

Not applicable

Abbreviations

ESS:

Eruca sativa seed

ACR:

Acrylamide

Bcl-2:

Testicular B-cell lymphoma-2

Bax:

Bcl-2-associated X protein

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Acknowledgements

Authors are thankful to Plant Taxonomy, Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Cairo University for confirming the taxonomic identity of the plant.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, 12211, Egypt

    Reham M. Abd-Elsalam & Kawkab A. Ahmed

  2. Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, 12211, Egypt

    Shymaa A. El Badawy

  3. Department of Chemistry, Collage of Science, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia

    Hanan A. Ogaly

  4. Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, 12211, Egypt

    Hanan A. Ogaly

  5. Department of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Research, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, 12622, Egypt

    Faten M. Ibrahim

  6. General Organization for Veterinary Services, Giza, 12618, Egypt

    Ola M. Farag

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  1. Reham M. Abd-Elsalam
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Contributions

Conceptualization: Kawkab A. Ahmed, Reham M. Abd-Elsalam, Shymaa A. El Badawy, and Hanan A. Ogaly

Methodology, validation, and formal analysis: Shymaa A. El Badawy, Ola M. Farag, Reham M. Abd-Elsalam, Hanan A. Ogaly, and Faten M. Ibrahim

Investigation, data curation, and writing the original draft preparation: all authors

Writing, review and editing: Shymaa A. El Badawy, Hanan A. Ogaly, Reham M. Abd-Elsalam, Faten M. Ibrahim, and Kawkab A. Ahmed

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Correspondence to Reham M. Abd-Elsalam.

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Abd-Elsalam, R.M., El Badawy, S.A., Ogaly, H.A. et al. Eruca sativa seed extract modulates oxidative stress and apoptosis and up-regulates the expression of Bcl-2 and Bax genes in acrylamide-induced testicular dysfunction in rats. Environ Sci Pollut Res 28, 53249–53266 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-021-14532-y

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